20세기 초 제주방언의 음운론적 연구 - 《朝鮮語方言の硏究(1944)》를 중심으로

• Published in: 한말연구, 66(15) pp. 1 - 19
• Main Authors: 장정민, 배영환
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 한말연구학회 01.05.2025
• Subjects: 한국어와문학
• ISSN: 1229-4500; 2799-8983
• DOI: 10.16876/klrc.2025.66.15.1

This study organizes the vocabulary found in "A Study of Korean Dialects(朝鮮語方言の硏究)" and discusses the phonological features of the Jeju dialect in the 20th century. "A Study of Korean Dialects(朝鮮語方言の硏究)" is a data collection compiled by the Japanese researcher Ogura Shinpei, who surveyed and recorded dialects across the nation from 1911 to 1933. For the Jeju dialect, surveys were conducted in both 1911 and 1933. This collection represents one of the earliest records of the Jeju dialect, providing valuable insights into its characteristics in the early 20th century. The collection contains approximately 550 Jeju dialect entries transcribed in Roman letters, allowing for precise identification of their phonetic features at the time. When analyzing the phonological features of the Jeju dialect as presented in this data, from the perspectives of vowels and consonants, several notable characteristics emerge. For vowels, changes in ‘ㆍ’ were evident during this period, with phenomena such as umlaut, front-vowelization, monophthongization from ‘ㅕ’ to ‘ㅔ’, and high-vowelization occurring actively. Although ‘ㆍ’ had disappeared in other regional dialects, it was retained in the initial position in the Jeju dialect. However, some vocabulary had already experienced changes from ‘ㆍ’ to ‘ㅏ’ and ‘ㆍ’ to ‘ㅗ’. Notably, previous research suggested that the change from ‘ㆍ’ to ‘ㅗ’ began in the mid-20th century, but forms undergoing this change were also observed in this early 20th-century data. Umlaut occurred in vowels like ‘ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ’, and when preceded by ‘ㅗ’, it manifested as the diphthong ‘ㅙ’ or ‘ㅞ’, rather than ‘ㅚ’, indicating that ‘ㅚ’ underwent diphthongization to ‘ㅞ’. Front-vowelization was very active under affricates in the Jeju dialect. The monophthongization from ‘ㅕ’ to ‘ㅔ’, a feature of Southern dialects, was also active in the Jeju dialect. Some words that had not undergone this change at the time were later found with the ‘ㅔ’ form, suggesting that phonological change was in progress. High-vowelization in the Jeju dialect was not as productive as in other regions. Particularly, the change from ‘ㅗ’ to ‘ㅜ’, which was widespread nationwide, was often not applied during this period, and the high-vowelization from ‘ㅔ’ to ‘ㅣ’, productive in Southern dialects, was very rare in the Jeju dialect. Regarding consonants, notable phenomena include the change of ‘ㅿ’ and palatalization. In the Jeju dialect, ‘ㅿ’ generally merged with ‘ㅅ’, and some vocabulary showed the change from ‘ㅿ’ to ‘ㅈ’. Palatalization was active in the Jeju dialect, similar to other Southern dialects. The palatalization of ‘ㄷ’ is presumed to have been completed by this period, while the palatalization of ‘ㄱ’ and ‘ㅎ’ also occurred under the constraint of being in native word-initial positions, similar to Southern dialects. KCI Citation Count: 0