发酵前包被裂殖壶菌微胶囊工艺优化及其对 裂殖壶菌生长和代谢特性的影响Optimization of the preparation process of Schizochytrium sp. microcapsules before fermentation and its effect on the growth and metabolic properties of Schizochytrium sp

• Published in: Zhongguo you zhi Vol. 50; no. 5; pp. 104 - 111,119
• Main Author: 李士鹏1,2，綦文涛2，彭文婷2，刘兴泉1，郭伟群1,2 LI Shipeng1,2, QI Wentao2, PENG Wenting2, LIU Xingquan1, GUO Weiqun1,2
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 中粮工科（西安）国际工程有限公司 01.05.2025
• Subjects: emulsified gel method; encapsulation before fermentation; docosahexaenoic acid; schizochytrium sp.; growth; metabolism; heat resistance; 乳化凝胶法；发酵前包被微胶囊；二十二碳六烯酸；裂殖壶菌；生长；代谢 ；耐热性
• ISSN: 1003-7969
• DOI: 10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.240116

为了探究发酵前微胶囊化对裂殖壶菌生长代谢及二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）生产的影响，采用内源乳化凝胶法制备发酵前裂殖壶菌微胶囊，通过单因素实验和正交实验优化微胶囊制备工艺，并探究了裂殖壶菌在固化核心和液化核心两种微胶囊条件下的生长、代谢特性及耐热性。结果表明：裂殖壶菌微胶囊的最佳制备条件为海藻酸钠质量浓度12 g/L、Span 85添加量2 g/L、水油相体积比1∶ 3、搅拌速度300 r/min，在此条件下微胶囊平均粒径为（420.49±23.12） μm，最适粒径比例为55.74%，得率为73.10%。微胶囊环境下裂殖壶菌呈现聚团生长特征；与游离培养相比，微胶囊培养裂殖壶菌的葡萄糖消耗无显著变化，而pH变化和氮源消耗显著变慢；与游离培养相比，裂殖壶菌在液化核心微胶囊条件下生物量、油脂含量和DHA含量没有明显变化，而在固化核心微胶囊条件下均显著下降；微胶囊化提高了裂殖壶菌高温下的耐热性和胞内DHA保存率。综上，发酵前包被微胶囊有助于裂殖壶菌耐热性的提高，且液化核心微胶囊更有利于裂殖壶菌的生长、代谢。 In order to investigate the effects of encapsulation before fermentation on the growth and metabolism of Schizochytrium sp. and the production of docasahexaenoic acid (DHA), the microcapsules of Schizochytrium sp. before fermentation were prepared by the endogenous emulsified gel method. The microcapsule preparation process was optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, and the growth, metabolism properties and heat resistance of Schizochytrium sp. were investigated in the cured-core and liquefied-core microcapsule conditions. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the preparation of Schizochytrium sp. microcapsules were sodium alginate mass concentration 12 g/L, Span 85 dosage 2 g/L, aqueous phase to oil phase volume ratio 1∶ 3, and stirring speed 300 r/min. Under these conditions, the average particle size of the microcapsules was (420.49±23.12) μm, and the ratio of the optimal particle size was 55.74%, with the yield of microcapsules of 73.10%. The microencapsulated Schizochytrium sp. showed agglomerative growth characteristics; glucose consumption of microencapsulated Schizochytrium sp. did not change significantly, while pH change and nitrogen source consumption slowed down significantly compared with free culture. The biomass, lipid content and DHA content of Schizochytrium sp. did not change significantly in liquefied-core microcapsule conditions, while they all decreased significantly in cured-core microcapsule conditions compared with free culture. Microencapsulation improved Schizochytrium sp.′s heat resistance and intracellular DHA preservation rate at high temperature. In conclusion, encapsulation before fermentation contributes to the heat resistance of Schizochytrium sp., and liquefied-core microcapsules are more conducive to the growth and metabolism of Schizochytrium sp.