Serum sodium level is inversely associated with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients

• Published in: Journal of diabetes Vol. 14; no. 12; pp. 831 - 839
• Main Authors: Cheng, Qi, Liu, Xiaocong, Cai, Anping, Zhou, Dan, Huang, Yuqing, Feng, Yingqing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Melbourne Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd 01.12.2022; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: China - epidemiology; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; new‐onset diabetes; Original; Risk Factors; serum sodium; Sodium; 新发糖尿病; 血清钠; 高血压; China; serum sodium; new-onset diabetes; 新发糖尿病; 高血压; hypertension; 血清钠
• ISSN: 1753-0393; 1753-0407; 1753-0407
• DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13338

Background Serum sodium level is associated with cardiovascular and endocrine health. Though decreased serum sodium is considered to be associated with reduced hypertension risk, some studies also found that it may increase the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum sodium with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients. Methods Based on the annual health examinations from 2011 to 2016 in Dongguan City, Guangdong, China, hypertensive patients without diabetes at baseline were selected. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the association between serum sodium level and new‐onset diabetes. Subgroup analysis was also conducted. Results A total of 4438 hypertensive patients with a mean age of 58.65 years were included, of whom 48.9% were male. During a median follow‐up of 35.1 months, 617 (13.9%) of the subjects developed new‐onset diabetes. Per 1‐SD (3.39 mmol/L) increment of serum sodium was associated with a 14% lower risk of new‐onset diabetes (odds ratio = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97; p = 0.01). The lowest quartile of serum sodium was associated with the lowest diabetes risk. The restricted cubic spline showed a linear inverse relationship (nonlinear p = 0.72). Across all the subgroups, the inverse association was consistent (p for interaction >0.05). Conclusion An inverse association of serum sodium with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients was observed. 摘要 背景:血清钠水平与心血管和内分泌健康相关。虽然降低血钠被认为与降低高血压风险相关, 但也有研究发现其可能增加糖尿病风险。本研究旨在探究血清钠与高血压患者新发糖尿病的关系。 方法:基于2011‐2016年广东省东莞市年度健康体检人群, 选取基线时无糖尿病的高血压患者。采用Logistic回归和限制性立方样条分析血钠水平与新发糖尿病的关系, 并进行亚组分析。 结果:研究共纳入4438例高血压患者, 平均年龄58.65岁, 男性占48.9%。中位随访35.1个月, 617例(13.9%)研究对象新发糖尿病。血钠每增加1SD (3.39 mmol/L), 新发糖尿病风险降低14%。(or = 0.86;95% ci: 0.78, 0.97;p值= 0.01)。血清钠的最低四分位数与最低的糖尿病风险相关。限制性立方样条呈线性反比关系(非线性p值= 0.72)。在所有亚组中, 负相关是一致的(交互作用的p值>0.05)。 结论:血清钠与高血压患者新发糖尿病呈负相关。 Highlights There is an inverse association between serum sodium and new‐onset diabetes in a Chinese community‐based hypertensive population. Sodium control may need to be further refined to provide comprehensive cardiovascular and diabetes risk management for hypertensive patients.