Anti-NMDAR Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Diagnostic Challenge in Clinical Laboratories

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an antibody-mediated neurological disease which is acute, severe and with a complicated differential diagnosis. In 38% of cases, it arises as a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) associated with cancer. Ovarian teratomas are the most...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEJIFCC Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 205 - 209
Main Authors Mayordomo, Patricia Ramos, Rodríguez, Lourdes Martín, Castillejos, Nuria Alonso
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Italy The Communications and Publications Division (CPD) of the IFCC 01.06.2025
Subjects
Case Report
autoimmune encephalitis
ovarian teratoma
neuroimmunology
autoimmunity
anti-NMDAR encephalitis
immunotherapy
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ISSN1650-3414
1650-3414

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Summary:Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an antibody-mediated neurological disease which is acute, severe and with a complicated differential diagnosis. In 38% of cases, it arises as a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) associated with cancer. Ovarian teratomas are the most frequently associated tumors, especially in young women. However, teratomas are usually mature and benign and psychiatric and neurological symptoms improve after resection. Clinical laboratories play a key role in the diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases, highlighting the importance of laboratory test results to prompt the search for the associated tumor. In addition, communication between laboratory medicine specialists and clinicians, as well as a multidisciplinary approach, are essential for early disease identification and treatment.
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ISSN:1650-3414
1650-3414