Assessment of mineral intake in the diets of Polish postmenopausal women in relation to their BMI-the RAC-OST-POL study

• Published in: Journal of health, population and nutrition Vol. 35
• Main Authors: Gabska, Dominika, Wodarek, Dariusz, Koota, Aleksandra, Czekajo, Aleksandra, Drozdzowska, Bogna, Pluskiewicz, Wojciech
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 02.08.2016
• Subjects: Absorption; Body mass index; Calcium; Cancer; Copper; Diabetes; Diet; Dietary minerals; Energy; Food products; Insulin resistance; Iron; Magnesium; Medical research; Metabolic syndrome; Nutrition research; Population; Post-menopause; Sodium; Statistical analysis; Studies; Variance analysis; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Womens health; Poland
• ISSN: 1606-0997; 2072-1315
• DOI: 10.1186/s41043-016-0061-1

[ Table Omitted - see PDF ] Table 1 Patients' characteristics, accompanied by comparison between BMI groups, RAC-OST-POL study, May 2010 Group Calculated value Age (years) Weight (kg) Height (cm) BMI (kg/m2) Total N?=?405 Mean 66.5 74.3 155.9 30.6 SD 7.9 13.6 5.8 5.4 Median 65.3[dagger] 73.0[dagger] 156.0 30.0[dagger] Minimum 55.0 44.0 136.0 19.7 Maximum 92.2 120.0 171.0 47.4 BMI? <18.5; 25.0 kg/m2, N?=?61 Mean 63.5 57.1 157.0 23.1 SD 6.7 5.6 6.5 1.5 Median 61.8[dagger]a 58.0a 157.0 23.5[dagger]a Minimum 55.2 44.0 141.0 19.7 Maximum 79.5 68.0 171.0 25.0 BMI? <25.0; 30.0 kg/m2, N?=?140 Mean 66.3 67.4 156.4 27.5 SD 8.2 5.9 5.4 1.4 Median 64.5[dagger]ab 67.0b 156.0 27.3[dagger]b Minimum 55.0 52.0 141.0 25.1 Maximum 92.2 83.0 170.0 30.0 BMI? <30.0; 35.0 kg/m2, N?=?118 Mean 67.3 78.5 155.5 32.4 SD 7.8 7.0 6.1 1.4 Median 67.8[dagger]b 78.0c 156.0 32.4[dagger]c Minimum 55.1 63.0 136.0 30.0 Maximum 84.1 95.0 171.0 34.9 BMI???35.0 kg/m2, N?=?86 Mean 67.7 92.2 155.0 38.4 SD 7.7 9.9 5.3 2.9 Median 67.3[dagger]b 92.0d 155.0 37.6[dagger]d Minimum 55.1 71.0 139.0 35.0 Maximum 89.0 120.0 166.0 47.4 p e p e 0.0057 0.0000 0.1299 0.0000 [dagger]Variable was not normally distributed (verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test; p?<?0.05) a, b, c, dMean/median values within the column with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (p?<?0.05) eDifferences assessed by the ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistica software version 8.0 (StatSoft Inc.) and Statgraphics Plus for Windows 4.0. [ Table Omitted - see PDF ] Table 2 Mineral content in diets in analysed group of healthy women aged >55, in comparison with recommendations, accompanied by comparison of satisfying nutritional needs between BMI groups, RAC-OST-POL study, May 2010 Group Number % of group Na K Ca P Mg Fe Zn Cu Total 405 Below AI/EAR 39.3 96.3 92.1 4.7 61.2 6.2 28.1 10.6 405 Above AI/EAR 60.7 3.7 7.9 95.3 38.8 93.8 71.9 89.4 BMI? <18.5; 25.0 kg/m2 61 Below AI/EAR 41.0 95.1 90.2 1.6 50.8 9.8 23.0 8.2 61 Above AI/EAR 59.0 4.9 9.8 98.4 49.2 90.2 77.0 91.8 BMI? <25.0; 30.0 kg/m2 140 Below AI/EAR 42.1 99.3 92.9 7.1 65.7 3.6 26.4 8.6 140 Above AI/EAR 57.9 0.7 7.1 92.9 34.3 96.4 73.6 91.4 BMI? <30.0; 35.0 kg/m2 118 below AI/EAR 35.6 93.2 92.4 3.4 56.8 5.1 28.0 11.0 118 Above AI/EAR 64.4 6.8 7.6 96.6 43.2 94.9 72.0 89.0 BMI???35.0 kg/m2 86 Below AI/EAR 38.4 96.5 91.9 4.7 67.4 9.3 34.9 15.1 86 Above AI/EAR 61.6 3.5 8.1 95.3 32.6 90.7 65.1 84.9 p a p a p a 0.7392 0.0751 0.9311 0.3080 0.0956 0.1915 0.3993 0.4156 Na sodium, K potassium, Ca calcium, P phosphorus, Mg magnesium, Fe iron, Zn zinc, Cu copper, AI Adequate Intake level (established for sodium and potassium), EAR Estimated Average Requirement level (established for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper) aDifferences assessed by the chi-square test Discussion In the research of Mirmiran et al. The possible reasons for under-reporting among excessive body mass individuals have been stated to be associated with the fact that in Western countries, obesity is perceived as a highly stigmatised condition and obese individuals experience social pressure to reduce weight or even sometimes social discrimination [35]. Since the energy requirement is associated with, inter alia, physical activity and body mass [36], it may be concluded that in the group of female postmenopausal individuals, who were characterised by a similar physical activity level, in stable body mass conditions, individuals characterised by a higher BMI are simultaneously characterised by higher energy intake. Even if obese women have higher intake of potassium and magnesium than overweight women, in each group, over 90 % of the subjects declared insufficient calcium and potassium intake, and over 50 % declared insufficient magnesium intake. [...]it should be indicated that the absorption of the above-mentioned nutrients was not analysed, whereas it may also be influenced by vitamin intake, e.g. vitamin D intake may influence calcium [55] and magnesium absorption [56] or vitamins A and B may influence iron absorption [57].