错位滴头的3条毛管高频灌溉对棉田盐分的影响及节水效果

• Published in: Guanʻgai paishui xuebao Vol. 42; no. 12; pp. 140 - 148
• Main Authors: DONG Wenming, MENG Lijun, HAN, Simin, A Yakuzi·TA Lidawuhan, MU Haxi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Xinxiang City Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Editorial Office of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 01.12.2023; 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052; 新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
• Subjects: Bulk density; Capillary tubes; Cotton; Desalination; Drip irrigation; Emitters; Irrigation; Irrigation efficiency; Irrigation systems; Irrigation water; Leaching; Root zone; Saline water; Salinity; Salinity effects; Salinization; Salt; Salts; Soil conservation; Soil density; Soil improvement; Soil properties; Soil salinity; Soil water; Vertical distribution; Water conservation; Water quality; Water resources; Water salinity; Water use; Water use efficiency; 棉花根区; 降低盐分节约水量; cotton root zone; 错位滴头的3条毛管; leaching quota; reduce salt and save water; 洗盐定额; three capillary tubes of dislocation emitter; lagging dripping; 滞后滴水
• ISSN: 1672-3317
• DOI: 10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023035

【目的】针对新疆降水稀少、蒸发量大，干旱缺水，土壤盐碱化蔓延，改良盐碱地用水量大等问题，通过室内外试验进行对比研究，提出节水改良盐碱地的新技术。【方法】以滴灌条件下盐分积累在湿润体边缘的规律为依据，将现有的滴灌改为错位滴头的3条毛管，确定3条毛管的间距、滴水规则、灌水定额及洗盐定额等参数，研究湿润体盐分的运移过程。【结果】在土壤性质及水质不变的条件下，对错位滴头的3条毛管采用滞后滴水的方法，灌水6次之后湿润体内取土检测盐分，探究棉花根区盐分的变化过程。湿润体水平距为40 cm处的垂线盐分从105.21 g/kg降到49.015 g/kg，该方法可扩大根区湿润体的脱盐范围，与滴灌相比可永久性节约每年3次的压盐水量。【结论】棉花根区的脱盐范围随灌水次数的增多而逐步扩大，脱盐范围的大小与土壤体积质量、灌水方法、次数、滴水规律、土壤盐分、水源的盐分及灌水周期有关。