SELLING THE INCHOATE MODE

Do results matter in criminal law? Many say "No" and recommend redrafting crimes in "the inchoate mode". Others answer "Yes" and defend the division between complete and attempted offences. This paper considers a third (non-general) answer: "Sometimes". Could...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inSingapore journal of legal studies pp. 92 - 107
Main Author Stanton-Ife, John
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Singapore Singapore Journal of Legal Studies 01.03.2025
Subjects
Crime
Criminal law
Fraud
Murders & murder attempts
Offenses
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0218-2173

Cover

Abstract Do results matter in criminal law? Many say "No" and recommend redrafting crimes in "the inchoate mode". Others answer "Yes" and defend the division between complete and attempted offences. This paper considers a third (non-general) answer: "Sometimes". Could it be that in some contexts results matter significantly more than in others? Murder and fraud are contrasted; while the former appears to be a "hard sell" for the inchoate mode, the latter has, at least in one major jurisdiction, passed into law and bedded down with apparent ease. Perhaps results matter in murder in a way they do not in fraud. Two contrasts are drawn, first that murder is a "horrific crime", while fraud is not, and secondly, that the core of the wrong of kinds of fraud might be contained in the attempt. Maybe the mistake is to seek for a general answer to the question of whether results matter.
AbstractList Do results matter in criminal law? Many say "No" and recommend redrafting crimes in "the inchoate mode". Others answer "Yes" and defend the division between complete and attempted offences. This paper considers a third (non-general) answer: "Sometimes". Could it be that in some contexts results matter significantly more than in others? Murder and fraud are contrasted; while the former appears to be a "hard sell" for the inchoate mode, the latter has, at least in one major jurisdiction, passed into law and bedded down with apparent ease. Perhaps results matter in murder in a way they do not in fraud. Two contrasts are drawn, first that murder is a "horrific crime", while fraud is not, and secondly, that the core of the wrong of kinds of fraud might be contained in the attempt. Maybe the mistake is to seek for a general answer to the question of whether results matter.
Author Stanton-Ife, John
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: John
  surname: Stanton-Ife
  fullname: Stanton-Ife, John
BookMark eNotjT0PgjAUADtg4ucPcCNxJnl9r6VlNFiFBGUQZ0OxHYgBFf3_kuh0yQ13cxZ0fecCNgPkOkKuaMrmw9ACoMQEZ2x9NkWRnw5hlZkwP6VZua1MeCx3Zskmvr4PbvXngl32pkqzqCgPebotogcHeEfJGJYECdkYQNWESLVyiZLeOkECHOimqaUWyG9ilFYqj15zpTC2tvG0YJtf9_Hqnx83vK9t_3l14_JKyFGLmDTSFxcCNAQ
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright Singapore Journal of Legal Studies 2025
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright Singapore Journal of Legal Studies 2025
DBID 0-V
3V.
7TQ
7WY
7WZ
7XB
87Z
8AO
8FK
8FL
8G5
ABUWG
AFKRA
ALSLI
AZQEC
BENPR
BEZIV
BVBZV
CCPQU
DHY
DON
DPSOV
DWQXO
FRNLG
F~G
GNUQQ
GUQSH
K60
K6~
KC-
L.-
M0C
M2L
M2O
MBDVC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PKEHL
PQBIZ
PQBZA
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PRQQA
Q9U
DatabaseName ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
PAIS Index
ABI/INFORM Collection
ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
ABI/INFORM Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni)
Research Library
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Business Premium Collection
East & South Asia Database
ProQuest One Community College
PAIS International
PAIS International (Ovid)
Politics Collection (OCUL)
ProQuest Central
Business Premium Collection (Alumni)
ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
ProQuest Central Student
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Business Collection
ProQuest Politics Collection
ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced
ABI/INFORM Global (OCUL)
Political Science Database
Research Library
Research Library (Corporate)
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Business (UW System Shared)
ProQuest One Business (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest One Social Sciences
ProQuest Central Basic
DatabaseTitle ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Business
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
Politics Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central China
ABI/INFORM Complete
ProQuest Central
ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (New)
ABI/INFORM Complete (Alumni Edition)
Business Premium Collection
Social Science Premium Collection
ABI/INFORM Global
ProQuest Political Science
ProQuest One Social Sciences
ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Business Collection
East & South Asia Database
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
PAIS International
ProQuest One Business (Alumni)
ProQuest Politics Collection
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
Business Premium Collection (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Law
EndPage 107
GroupedDBID .4L
.CB
0-V
123
2-G
3V.
6DY
7TQ
7WY
7XB
8AO
8FK
8FL
8G5
8R4
8R5
AACLI
ABACO
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ADUOI
AEAQA
AFACB
AFKRA
AFXCU
AGQRV
AHEHV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
AZQEC
BENPR
BEZIV
BHRNT
BPHCQ
BVBZV
CCPQU
DHY
DON
DPSOV
DWQXO
EOJEC
FM.
FRNLG
GCT
GNUQQ
GUQSH
HCSNT
HISYW
HOCAJ
IAEEK
K60
K6~
KC-
KEL
L.-
M0C
M2L
M2O
MBDVC
OBODZ
P2P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PKEHL
PQBIZ
PQBZA
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PROAC
PRQQA
Q2X
Q9U
QF4
QN5
QN7
RHO
RWL
RXW
TAA
TAC
TAE
TAF
TWJ
UVLOZ
W2G
X6Y
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-p100t-921853093b6007a3223a7e975fbe4340e08cca58421d45fbb57f2f817726bbcf3
IEDL.DBID BENPR
ISSN 0218-2173
IngestDate Fri Jul 25 09:39:17 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-p100t-921853093b6007a3223a7e975fbe4340e08cca58421d45fbb57f2f817726bbcf3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
PQID 3212846382
PQPubID 38733
PageCount 16
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_3212846382
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20250301
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-03-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2025
  text: 20250301
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Singapore
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Singapore
PublicationTitle Singapore journal of legal studies
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Singapore Journal of Legal Studies
Publisher_xml – name: Singapore Journal of Legal Studies
SSID ssj0025292
Score 2.2925472
Snippet Do results matter in criminal law? Many say "No" and recommend redrafting crimes in "the inchoate mode". Others answer "Yes" and defend the division between...
SourceID proquest
SourceType Aggregation Database
StartPage 92
SubjectTerms Crime
Criminal law
Fraud
Murders & murder attempts
Offenses
Title SELLING THE INCHOATE MODE
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/3212846382
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: East & South Asia Database
  issn: 0218-2173
  databaseCode: BVBZV
  dateStart: 20040701
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eastsouthasia
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0025292
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  issn: 0218-2173
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20040701
  customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0025292
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3PT8MgFH7ZuosX4884naYHr8QWaCkHY6Z2NsZ1RrtktwVaetwPrfHf94GtHky8QiDhAe_7Hjz4AC6Rs4uKCUZqHjPCueZEiUSSOk4sg0ZQdOoN0zzO5vxxES16kHdvYWxaZecTnaOu1qU9I79i1HpSXC30ZrMlVjXK3q52EhqqlVaort0XY30YUKuq7MHgNs2fX35CsIg6mWQLbATJOPvjgR2sTPZgt-WD_vh7AvehZ1YH0H9Sn4cwfE0x0s4f_CJLfQy-s9m4SP3p7D49gvkkLe4y0ioZkE0YBA2R1MJiIJm238Er3ERMCSNFVGvDGQ9MkKAlkQvQsOJYqCNR0zoJkfrGWpc1OwZvtV6ZE_C14kkYloGOmeIUO1EmkVVZYas4kqEZwqgb0bJdju_LX-Od_l99BjvUCty6JKsReM3bhzlH1G30RWvKL5dPfiM
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V07T8MwED6VdoCFN6JQIAOwuSS28xoY-khJ6WugrRBLiRNnQWoLFFXwo_gr_CXOaQISSGwdWBPFyp0v930Xn_0BnCJntyNmMxJzixHOBSeB7bgkthzFoBEUE_WGTtfyB_z61rzNwXu2F0a1VWY5MUnU0SRU_8gvGFWZFKOFph2ULfk6x_rs-bJZx8k8o7Th9Ws-SSUEyNTQ9RlxqcIjrNqFOoc9wOhlgS1d24yF5IzrUnfQBARhakQcLwrTjmnsGMg5LSHCmOG459NHolSq1GpuKtmxAgVHLdjmoVAdVu-GXyWeSRMZZgWcBMk--5XhE9hqbMBHZvCiW-Wh_DIT5fDtx1mQ_8cjm7CeMmitsgj5LcjJ8TastIP5DhRvvHa72b3S-r6nNbs1v1fpe1qnV_d2YbCU19yD_HgylvugiYA7hhHqwmIBpzhIIB03CiN8yjJdQxahlPl3lH7Az6Nv5x78ffsEVv1-pz1C61qHsEaVPHDSolaC_OzpRR4hZ5mJ4zRQNLhf9uR8Ame-9tw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LTsJAFL0BTIwb30YUtQtdDrQz09fCGIViEUQTgRA32GmnGxN8UEP00_wVf8Y7pdVEE3cs3LbppPd9bud2DsAhYnY7YjYjMbcY4VxwEtiOS2LLUQgai2LK3nDZtfw-vxiawwK85__CqLHKPCemiTp6CNU38hqjKpOit9BanI1FXDeaJ49PRDFIqZ3WnE5j5iJt-TrF9m1y3GqgrY8obXq9uk8yhgHyaOh6QlyqyhU29UId0x6gc7PAlq5txkJyxnWpOygh1mhqRBwvCtOOaewYCEktIcKY4bpFWHAsm2NELZwNzm4HX-2eSVNKZlVECQJ_9ivbpyWsuQIfufCzyZX76ksiquHbj3Mh_6d2VmE5Q9ba6SwU1qAgx-tQ7ATTDSjfeJ1Oq3uu9XxPa3Xr_tVpz9MurxreJvTn8k5bUBo_jOU2aCLgjmGEurBYwCkuEkjHjcIIn7JM15BlqOS6HmWBPRl9K3rn79sHsIgWGKFw7V1Yooo1OJ1cq0ApeX6RewhlErGf-YwGd_M2xCedc_-s
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SELLING+THE+INCHOATE+MODE&rft.jtitle=Singapore+journal+of+legal+studies&rft.au=Stanton-Ife%2C+John&rft.date=2025-03-01&rft.pub=Singapore+Journal+of+Legal+Studies&rft.issn=0218-2173&rft.spage=92&rft.epage=107&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0218-2173&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0218-2173&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0218-2173&client=summon