유아의 분배행동의 내·외집단 간 차이와 억제통제 및 지능의 영향

• Published in: Korean Journal of child studies Vol. 42; no. 3; pp. 399 - 414
• Main Authors: 변혜원(Hye-Weon Byun), 성지현(Jihyun Sung)
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 한국아동학회 01.06.2021
• Subjects: 생활과학; 연령차; in-group/outgroup; inhibitory control; 억제통제; distributive behavior; age difference; 내/외집단; 지능; intelligence; 분배행동
• ISSN: 1226-1688; 2234-408X

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns and characteristics of distributivebehavior in preschoolers, influence of inhibitory control and intelligence on the distributive behavior,and associations between them. Methods: The data was collected through a one-on-one interview experiment with 328 children aged3–5 years old attending daycare centers and kindergartens. The distributive behavior was measuredby modifying the procedure of the dictator game. Children’s cognitive and emotional inhibitorycontrol (IC) were assessed using the day-night task and the reverse compensation task respectively. The intelligence was assessed using the K-WPPSI short form test. Pearson's correlation, pairedsamples t-test, one-way ANOVA, McNemar test, multiple regression, and the verification of mediationwere performed to analyze the dataResults: First, there were differences among boys in resource allocation according to the type of group(in-group vs. outgroup). That is, boys aged four and five gave more resources to classmates rather thananonymous children. Second, cognitive IC and performance intelligence were associated with distributivebehavior towards anonymous children. However, only performance intelligence was related to thechildren’s distributive behavior towards their classmates. Lastly, performance intelligence was completelymediated in the association between cognitive IC and distributive behavior towards anonymous children. Conclusion: We provide empirical evidence that cognitive IC and thinking skills necessary forperformance intelligence were related to distributive behavior towards outgroup. In particular, boysaged four and five tended to consider more social relations in distributive behavior. This may beuseful information for teaching altruism and sharing in early childhood. KCI Citation Count: 0