祈使句中情態標記“吧”和“了”的比較硏究

• Published in: 중국학보 Vol. 110; pp. 77 - 98
• Main Authors: 王悦心, Wang Yuexin, 曾静涵, Zeng Jinghan, 李惠贞, Lee Hyejung
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Korean
• Published: 한국중국학회 30.11.2024
• Subjects: Ba; Imperative Sentence; Le; Modality; Pragmatic function; 了; 吧; 情态; 祈使句; 语用功能; 중국어와문학
• ISSN: 1226-850X; 2671-8286
• DOI: 10.35982/jcs.110.4

现代汉语祈使句中, 语气助词可以起到缓和语气的作用。“吧”和“了”作为祈使句末的语气助词, 可以省略而不影响句子的完整性。因此, 祈使句中“吧”和“了”在某些情况下也是可以互换使用的。但语气助词的使用并不仅仅是起到缓和语气的作用, 它们还承担着情态表达的功能。它们的使用受到语用因素的影响。因此, 祈使句中也存在两者不能互换使用的情况。 语境和交际双方的角色关系都会对“吧”和“了”的选择使用产生影响。在同等关系中, “吧”和“了”的使用相对自由, 可以根据不同的语境和说话者所要表达的态度来进行选择。在权势关系中, 虽然权势方对“吧”和“了”的使用相对自由, 但出于礼貌原则使用“吧”的情况也不在少数。而权势关系中的非权势方在祈使句中使用“了”的情况就很少了, 且使用时也多会同时使用礼貌用语, 或处于紧急、急迫的语境下才会选择使用语气词“了”。 In modern Chinese imperative sentences, modal particles are often used to soften the tone, which aligns with the principle of polite communication. For example, the use of “Ba(吧) and “Le(了)” as modal particles at the end of imperative sentences can be omitted without affecting the meaning of the sentence. Therefore, there are also situations where “Ba(吧)” and “Le(了)” can be interchangeable. However, the use of modal particles is not merely for softening the tone; they also carry the function of expressing modality and are influenced by pragmatic factors. The role relationships in language behavior can also influence the choice of “Ba(吧)” and “Le(了)” in conversation. In equal relationships, the use of “Ba(吧)” and “Le(了)” is relatively free, allowing speakers to choose based on the context and the mood they wish to express. However, in power dynamics, while the more powerful party has more freedom in using “Ba(吧)” and “Le(了)”，they often use “Ba(吧)” out of politeness. Conversely, the less powerful party tends to use “了” much less frequently in imperative sentences. When they do use it, they often accompany it with polite expressions or employ it in urgent contexts.