Replication of human noroviruses in stem cell-derived human enteroids

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 353; no. 6306; pp. 1387 - 1393
• Main Authors: Khalil Ettayebi, Crawford, Sue E, Murakami, Kosuke, Broughman, James R, Karandikar, Umesh, Tenge, Victoria R, Neill, Frederick H, Blutt, Sarah E, Xi-Lei Zeng, Qu, Lin, Kou, Baijun, Opekun, Antone R, Burrin, Douglas, Graham, David Y, Ramani, Sasirekha, Atmar, Robert L, Estes, Mary K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington The American Association for the Advancement of Science 23.09.2016
• Subjects: Antigens; Assessments; bile; blood serum; Cultivation; Culture; enterocytes; Epithelium; Gastroenteritis; Gastroenterology; heat inactivation; host-pathogen relationships; humans; in vitro culture; Inactivation; Irradiation; Neutralization; Norovirus; pathogenicity; Pathogens; R&D; Replication; Research & development; research and development; Stem cells; virus replication; Viruses
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5211

The major barrier to research and development of effective interventions for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) has been the lack of a robust and reproducible in vitro cultivation system. HuNoVs are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. We report the successful cultivation of multiple HuNoV strains in enterocytes in stem cell-derived, nontransformed human intestinal enteroid monolayer cultures. Bile, a critical factor of the intestinal milieu, is required for strain-dependent HuNoV replication. Lack of appropriate histoblood group antigen expression in intestinal cells restricts virus replication, and infectivity is abrogated by inactivation (e.g., irradiation, heating) and serum neutralization. This culture system recapitulates the human intestinal epithelium, permits human host-pathogen studies of previously noncultivatable pathogens, and allows the assessment of methods to prevent and treat HuNoV infections.