環境保健研究のジレンマ
「1. はじめに」環境保健はヒトの健康と環境の相互作用を解明する一学術分野である. 環境中に存在する有害因子(以下, 環境有害因子)には, 化学物質の曝露だけでなく, 廃棄物汚染, 越境汚染, 地球(および生活)環境変化に伴う温暖化(暑熱, 洪水・ゲリラ豪雨, 生物媒介感染症の拡大)や紫外線照射などが含まれる. これらがヒトの健康にどのような/どのように影響を与えるが環境保健の主たる研究目的であり, 途上国では金属鉱山・採掘や農薬撒布による健康リスクに関する研究が盛んにおこなわれているが, 先進国では環境による小児への健康影響に関心が向けられている. 1970年代後半に鉛による健康影響に関する...
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| Published in | 日本衛生学雑誌 Vol. 73; no. 2; pp. 148 - 155 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
2018
日本衛生学会 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0021-5082 1882-6482 |
| DOI | 10.1265/jjh.73.148 |
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| Abstract | 「1. はじめに」環境保健はヒトの健康と環境の相互作用を解明する一学術分野である. 環境中に存在する有害因子(以下, 環境有害因子)には, 化学物質の曝露だけでなく, 廃棄物汚染, 越境汚染, 地球(および生活)環境変化に伴う温暖化(暑熱, 洪水・ゲリラ豪雨, 生物媒介感染症の拡大)や紫外線照射などが含まれる. これらがヒトの健康にどのような/どのように影響を与えるが環境保健の主たる研究目的であり, 途上国では金属鉱山・採掘や農薬撒布による健康リスクに関する研究が盛んにおこなわれているが, 先進国では環境による小児への健康影響に関心が向けられている. 1970年代後半に鉛による健康影響に関する論文が産業保健専門誌に多数掲載されるようになり, 世界保健機関(WHO)は1984年に水道水中の鉛指針値(WHO guideline value)を50μg/Lとした. 1993年には, この指針値を一気に10μg/Lに下げた(わが国の鉛の水質基準を50μg/L以下にしたのは1992年, 10μg/L以下になったのは2004年である). |
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| AbstractList | 「1. はじめに」環境保健はヒトの健康と環境の相互作用を解明する一学術分野である. 環境中に存在する有害因子(以下, 環境有害因子)には, 化学物質の曝露だけでなく, 廃棄物汚染, 越境汚染, 地球(および生活)環境変化に伴う温暖化(暑熱, 洪水・ゲリラ豪雨, 生物媒介感染症の拡大)や紫外線照射などが含まれる. これらがヒトの健康にどのような/どのように影響を与えるが環境保健の主たる研究目的であり, 途上国では金属鉱山・採掘や農薬撒布による健康リスクに関する研究が盛んにおこなわれているが, 先進国では環境による小児への健康影響に関心が向けられている. 1970年代後半に鉛による健康影響に関する論文が産業保健専門誌に多数掲載されるようになり, 世界保健機関(WHO)は1984年に水道水中の鉛指針値(WHO guideline value)を50μg/Lとした. 1993年には, この指針値を一気に10μg/Lに下げた(わが国の鉛の水質基準を50μg/L以下にしたのは1992年, 10μg/L以下になったのは2004年である). |
| Author | 苅田, 香苗 村田, 勝敬 前田, 恵理 岩田, 豊人 |
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| DOI | 10.1265/jjh.73.148 |
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| References_xml | – reference: (37) 村田勝敬，嶽石美和子．胎児性メチル水銀曝露による小児神経発達影響＿＿Faroe研究を中心に．日本衛生学雑誌2002;57:564–570． – reference: (36) Sampei M, Dakeishi M, Wood DC, Murata K. Impact of total sleep duration on blood pressure in preschool children. Biomed Res 2006;27:111–115. – reference: (16) Strain JJ, Davidson PW, Bonham MP, Duffy EM, Stokes-Riner A, Thurston SW, Wallace JM, Robson PJ, Shamlaye CF, Georger LA, Sloane-Reeves J, Cernichiari E, Canfield RL, Cox C, Huang LS, Janciuras J, Myers GJ, Clarkson TW. Associations of maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury, and infant development in the Seychelles child development nutrition study. Neurotoxicology 2008;29:776–782. – reference: (39) Tanaka O, Maeda E, Fushimi M, Iwata T, Shimizu T, Saito S, Murata K. Precarious employment is not associated with increased depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study in care service workers of Japan. Tohoku J Exp Med 2017;243:19–26. – reference: (32) Tatsuta N, Suzuki K, Sugawara T, Nakai K, Hosokawa T, Satoh H. Comparison of Kyoto scale of psychological development and Bayley scales of infant development second edition among Japanese infants. J Spec Educ Res 2013;2:17–24. – reference: (10) Sørensen N, Murata K, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Weihe P, Grandjean P. Prenatal methylmercury exposure as a cardiovascular risk factor at seven years of age. Epidemiology 1999;10:370–375. – reference: (49) Dakeishi M, Murata K, Tamura A, Iwata T. Relation between benchmark dose and no-observed-adverse-effect level in clinical research: effects of daily alcohol intake on blood pressure in Japanese salesmen. Risk Anal 2006;26:115–123. – reference: (44) Crump KS. A new method for determining allowable daily intakes. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1984;4:854–871. – reference: (1) International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 165—Inorganic Lead. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995. – reference: (29) 苅田香苗，坂本峰至，吉田 稔，龍田 希，仲井邦彦，岩井美幸，岩田豊人，前田恵理，柳沼 梢，佐藤 洋，村田勝敬．メチル水銀，水銀およびセレンに関する研究動向―疫学研究を中心に―．日本衛生学雑誌2016;71:236–251． – reference: (15) Myers GJ, Davidson PW, Cox C, Shamlaye CF, Palumbo D, Cernichiari E, Sloane-Reeves J, Wilding GE, Kost J, Huang LS, Clarkson TW. Prenatal methylmercury exposure from ocean fish consumption in the Seychelles child development study. Lancet 2003;361:1686–1692. – reference: (24) Sakamoto M, Chan HM, Domingo JL, Kubota M, Murata K. Changes in body burden of mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and selenium in infants during early lactation in comparison with placental transfer. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012;84:179–184. – reference: (45) EFSA. Use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment: guidance of the Scientific Committee. EFSA Journal 2009;1150:1–72. – reference: (20) McMicheal AJ, Baghurst PA, Wigg NR, Vimpani GV, Robertson EF, Roberts RJ. 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