ヒツジの輸送時における福祉とその評価
本報は, 1990年以降の比較的新しいヒツジ輸送の研究から, 輸送の影響およびその評価指標についてまとめ, 提供することを目的とした。輸送時に負荷されるストレスは, 1) 身体的ストレス, 2) 生理的ストレス, 3) 心理的ストレスの3つに分類されている。身体的ストレスは, 積み込みや積み下ろし, 輸送時の姿勢定位, バランスの保持による疲労を示しており, 生理的スドレスは, 飢餓や脱水, 怪我や疾病, 動物の体温および生理的働きによる反作用を示しており, 心理的ストレスは, 動物の感覚器により知覚されるストレスや摂食・飲水願望を示している。これらのストレスを計測する指標として, 行動や生理...
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| Published in | 日本緬羊研究会誌 Vol. 2008; no. 45; pp. 20 - 29 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
日本緬羊研究会
20.12.2008
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0389-1305 2186-1013 |
| DOI | 10.11595/jpnjsheepsci1964.2008.20 |
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| Abstract | 本報は, 1990年以降の比較的新しいヒツジ輸送の研究から, 輸送の影響およびその評価指標についてまとめ, 提供することを目的とした。輸送時に負荷されるストレスは, 1) 身体的ストレス, 2) 生理的ストレス, 3) 心理的ストレスの3つに分類されている。身体的ストレスは, 積み込みや積み下ろし, 輸送時の姿勢定位, バランスの保持による疲労を示しており, 生理的スドレスは, 飢餓や脱水, 怪我や疾病, 動物の体温および生理的働きによる反作用を示しており, 心理的ストレスは, 動物の感覚器により知覚されるストレスや摂食・飲水願望を示している。これらのストレスを計測する指標として, 行動や生理指標が使用されている。血中クレアチンキナーゼ (CK) 濃度と血中乳酸濃度は疲労を表す指標として, 体重の減少, 血漿グルコース濃度, 血漿遊離脂肪酸濃度, 血漿尿素濃度, 血漿β-ヒドロキシ酪酸濃度, 血中総タンパク質濃度, 血中アルブミン濃度, 血中血球容積 (PCV), 血中重量オスモル濃度は飢餓や脱水を表す指標として, 心拍数の増加, 血中へのカテコールアミンおよびコルチゾールの放出量増加は動物の抗ストレス反応を表す指標として用いられている。また, 血漿遊離脂肪酸濃度と血中グルコース濃度は, 抗ストレス反応を表す指標としても用いられる。今後, 日本においても, 国内の地理的および気候的特徴とともにこれらの項目について, 広く輸送時のヒツジへの影響を調査することで, 家畜福祉性の改善と具現化を目指した国内における規則の作成が必要であると考える。 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 本報は, 1990年以降の比較的新しいヒツジ輸送の研究から, 輸送の影響およびその評価指標についてまとめ, 提供することを目的とした。輸送時に負荷されるストレスは, 1) 身体的ストレス, 2) 生理的ストレス, 3) 心理的ストレスの3つに分類されている。身体的ストレスは, 積み込みや積み下ろし, 輸送時の姿勢定位, バランスの保持による疲労を示しており, 生理的スドレスは, 飢餓や脱水, 怪我や疾病, 動物の体温および生理的働きによる反作用を示しており, 心理的ストレスは, 動物の感覚器により知覚されるストレスや摂食・飲水願望を示している。これらのストレスを計測する指標として, 行動や生理指標が使用されている。血中クレアチンキナーゼ (CK) 濃度と血中乳酸濃度は疲労を表す指標として, 体重の減少, 血漿グルコース濃度, 血漿遊離脂肪酸濃度, 血漿尿素濃度, 血漿β-ヒドロキシ酪酸濃度, 血中総タンパク質濃度, 血中アルブミン濃度, 血中血球容積 (PCV), 血中重量オスモル濃度は飢餓や脱水を表す指標として, 心拍数の増加, 血中へのカテコールアミンおよびコルチゾールの放出量増加は動物の抗ストレス反応を表す指標として用いられている。また, 血漿遊離脂肪酸濃度と血中グルコース濃度は, 抗ストレス反応を表す指標としても用いられる。今後, 日本においても, 国内の地理的および気候的特徴とともにこれらの項目について, 広く輸送時のヒツジへの影響を調査することで, 家畜福祉性の改善と具現化を目指した国内における規則の作成が必要であると考える。 |
| Author | 植竹, 勝治 江口, 祐輔 菅原, 静人 田中, 智夫 |
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| References | 33) BRADEN, A.W.H. and G.R. MOULE, Effect of stress on ovarian morphology and oestrous cycles in ewes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 15 : 937-949.1964. 5) BROOM, D.M., J.A. GOODE, S. J.G. HALL, D.M. LLOYD and R.F. PARROTT, Hormonal and physiological effects of a 15 hour journey in sheep : comparison with the responses to loading, handling and penning in the absence of transport. British Veterinary Journal, 152 : 593-604. 1996. 14) KNOWLES, G., P.D. WARRISS, S.N. BROWN, S.C. KESTIN, J.E. EDWARDS, A.M. PERRY, P.E. WATKINS and A.J. PHILLIPS, Effects of feeding, watering and resting intervals on lambs transported by road and ferry to france. Veterinary Record, 139 : 335-339. 1996. 21) COCKRAM, M.S., E.M. BAXTER, L.A. SMITH, S. BELL, C.M. HOWARD, R. J. PRESCOTT and M.A. MITCHELL, Effect of driver behaviour, diving events and road type onthe stability and resting behaviour of sheep of in transit. Animal Science, 79 : 165-176.2004. 31) WARRISS, P.D., E.A. BEVIS and C.S. YOUNG, Transport and lairage times of lambs slaughtered commercially in the south of England. Veterinary Record, 127 : 5-8.1990. 6) PARROTT, R.F., S.J.G. HALL, D.M. LLOYD, J.A. GOODE and D.M. BROOM, Effects of a maximum permissible journey time (31h) on physiological responses of fleeced and shorn sheep to transport, with observation on behaviour during a short (1h) rest-stop. Animal Science, 66 : 197-207. 1998. 28) BRADSHOW, R.H., S.J.G. HALL and D.M. BROOM, Behaviour and cortisol response of pigs and sheep during transport. Veterinary Record, 138 : 233-234.1996. 29) HALL, S. J.G., S.M. KIRKPATRIC and D.M. BROOM, Noise and vehicular motion as potential stressors during the transport of sheep. Animal Science, 67 : 467-473.1998. 19) HALL, S. J.G., S.M. KIRKPATRICK and D.M. BROOM, Behavioural and physiological responses of sheep of different breeds to supplementary feeding, social mixing and taming, in the context of transport. Animal Science, 67 : 475-483.1998. 8) JARVIS, A.M. and M.S. COCKRAM, Handling of sheep at markets and the incidence of bruising.Veterinal Record, 136 : 582-585. 1995. 7) PARROTT, R.F., S. J.G. HALL and D.M. LLOYD, Heart rate and stress hormone responses of sheep to road transport following two different loading procedures. Animal Welfare, 7 : 257-267. 1998. 2) European Community. European Communities Regulation 2006 (Protection of Animals During Transport). European Community. Brussels. Belgium. 2006. 15) KRAWCZEL, P.D., T.H. FRIEND, D.J. CALDWELL, G. ARCHER and K. AMEISS, Effects of continuous versus intermittent transport on plasma constituents and antibody response of lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 85 : 468-476. 2007. 9) KNOWLES, T.G., S.N. BROWN, P.D. WARRISS, A.J.PHILLIPS, S.K. DOLAN, P.J. HUNT, E. FORD, J.E. EDWARDS and P.E. WATKINS, Effects on sheep of transport by road for up to 24 hours. Veterinary Record, 136 : 431-438. 1995. 25) KNOWLES, T.G., D.H.L. MAUNDER and P.D. WARRISS, Factors affecting the incidence of bruising in lambs arriving at one slaughterhouse. Veterinary Record, 134 : 44-45.1994. 16) KNOWLES, T.G., P.D. WARRISS and S.N. BROWN, J.E. EDWARDS, Effct of stocking density on lams being transported by road. Veterinary Record, 142 : 503-509. 1998. 22) HORTON, G.M. J., J.A. BALDWIN, S.M. EMANUELE, J.E. WOHLT and L.R. McDowELL, Performance and blood chemistry in lambs following fasting and transport. Animal Science, 62 : 49-56. 1996. 18) JARVIS, A.M., M.S. COCKRAM and I.M. MCGLIP, Bruising and biochemical measures of stress, dehydration injury determined at slaughter in sheep transported from farms or markets. British Veternary Journal, 152 : 719-722.1996. 24) COCRAM, M.S. and R.A. LEE, Some preslaughter factor affecting the occureence of bruising in sheep. British Veterinary Journal, 147 : 120-125. 1991. 30) FISHER, A.D., M. STEWART, D.M. DUGANZICH, J. TACON and L.R. MATTHEWS, The effects of stationary periods and external temperature and humidity on thermal stress conditions within sheep transport vehicles. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 53 : 6-9.2004. 26) RUIZ-DE-LA-TORRE, J.L., A. VELARDE, A. DIESTRE, M. GISPERT, S. J.G. HALL, D.M. BROOM and X. MANTECA, Effects of vehicle movements during transport on the stress responses and meat quality of sheep. Veterinary Record, 148 : 227-229.2001. 27) HALL, S. J.G., M.L. FORSLING and D.M. BROOM, Stress responses of sheep to routine procedures : changes in plasma concentration of vasopressin, oxytocin and coltisol. The Veterinary Journal, 142 : 91-93.1998. 1) 植竹勝治, 欧州連合ならびに英国における動物福祉に関する規制の現状と研究の動向.日本畜産学会報, 75 : 493-512. 2004. 23) JARVIS, A.M. and M.S. COCKRAM, Effects of handling and transport on bruising of sheep sent directly from farms to slaughter. The Veterinary Journal, 135 : 523-527.1994. 17) KNOWLES, T.G., P.D. WARRISS, S.N. BROWN and S.C. KESTIN, Long distance transport of export lambs. Veterinary Record, 134 : 107-110.1994. 4) 植竹勝治・石渡俊江・江口祐輔・田中智夫・佐藤衆介, 輸送牛の家畜福祉.畜産の研究, 62 : 70-86. 2008. 3) KNOWLES, T.G., A review of the road transport of slaughter sheep. Veterinary Record, 143 : 212-219. 1998. 12) COCKRAM, M.S., J.E. KENT, R.E. JACKSON, P.J. GODDARD, O.M. DOHERTY, I.M. MCGLIP, A. Fox, T.C. STUDDERT-KENNEDY, T.I. MCCONNELL and T.CY. RIORDAN, Effect of lairage during 24h of transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of sheep. Animal Science, 65 : 391-402. 1997. 10) COCKRAM, M.S., J.A. KENT, P.J. GODDARD, N.K. WARAN, I.M. MCGILP, R.E. JACKSON, G.M. MUWANGA and S. PRYTHERCH, Effect of space allowance during transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of lambs during and after transport. Animal Science, 62 : 461-477. 1996. 13) KNOWLES, T., P.D. WARRISS, S.N. BROWN, S.C. KESTIN, S.M. RHIND, J.E. EDWARDS, M.H. ANIL and S.K. DOLAN, Long distance transport of lambs and the time needed for subsequent recovery. Veterinary Record, 133 : 286-293. 1993. 20) COCKRAM, M.S., J.E. KENT, P. J. GODDARD, N.K. WARAN, R.E. JACKSON, I.M. MCGLIP, E.L. SOUTHALL, J.R. AMORY, T.I. MCCONNELL, T.O'. RIORDAN and B.S. WILKINS, Behavioural and physiological responses of sheep to 16h transport and a novel environment post-transpor. The Veterinary Journal, 159 : 139-146.2000. 11) COCKRAM, M.S., J.E. KENT, N.K. WARAN, I.M. GLIP, R.E. JACKSON, J.R. AMORY, E.L. SOUTHALL, T.CY. RIORDAN, T.I. MCCONNELL and B.S. WILKINS, Effects of 15h journey followed by either 12h starvation or ad liblium hay on the behaviour and blood chemistry of sheep. Animal Welfare, 8 : 135-148. 1999. 32) FAHMY, M.H. and L.A. GUILBAURT, Effect of transportation stress on ovarian activities and reproductive performance of ewes during the anoestrous period. Animal Reproduction Science, 19 : 229-233.1989. |
| References_xml | – reference: 15) KRAWCZEL, P.D., T.H. FRIEND, D.J. CALDWELL, G. ARCHER and K. AMEISS, Effects of continuous versus intermittent transport on plasma constituents and antibody response of lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 85 : 468-476. 2007. – reference: 30) FISHER, A.D., M. STEWART, D.M. DUGANZICH, J. TACON and L.R. MATTHEWS, The effects of stationary periods and external temperature and humidity on thermal stress conditions within sheep transport vehicles. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 53 : 6-9.2004. – reference: 24) COCRAM, M.S. and R.A. LEE, Some preslaughter factor affecting the occureence of bruising in sheep. British Veterinary Journal, 147 : 120-125. 1991. – reference: 10) COCKRAM, M.S., J.A. KENT, P.J. GODDARD, N.K. WARAN, I.M. MCGILP, R.E. JACKSON, G.M. MUWANGA and S. PRYTHERCH, Effect of space allowance during transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of lambs during and after transport. Animal Science, 62 : 461-477. 1996. – reference: 2) European Community. European Communities Regulation 2006 (Protection of Animals During Transport). European Community. Brussels. Belgium. 2006. – reference: 3) KNOWLES, T.G., A review of the road transport of slaughter sheep. Veterinary Record, 143 : 212-219. 1998. – reference: 6) PARROTT, R.F., S.J.G. HALL, D.M. LLOYD, J.A. GOODE and D.M. BROOM, Effects of a maximum permissible journey time (31h) on physiological responses of fleeced and shorn sheep to transport, with observation on behaviour during a short (1h) rest-stop. Animal Science, 66 : 197-207. 1998. – reference: 27) HALL, S. J.G., M.L. FORSLING and D.M. BROOM, Stress responses of sheep to routine procedures : changes in plasma concentration of vasopressin, oxytocin and coltisol. The Veterinary Journal, 142 : 91-93.1998. – reference: 16) KNOWLES, T.G., P.D. WARRISS and S.N. BROWN, J.E. EDWARDS, Effct of stocking density on lams being transported by road. Veterinary Record, 142 : 503-509. 1998. – reference: 7) PARROTT, R.F., S. J.G. HALL and D.M. LLOYD, Heart rate and stress hormone responses of sheep to road transport following two different loading procedures. Animal Welfare, 7 : 257-267. 1998. – reference: 13) KNOWLES, T., P.D. WARRISS, S.N. BROWN, S.C. KESTIN, S.M. RHIND, J.E. EDWARDS, M.H. ANIL and S.K. DOLAN, Long distance transport of lambs and the time needed for subsequent recovery. Veterinary Record, 133 : 286-293. 1993. – reference: 11) COCKRAM, M.S., J.E. KENT, N.K. WARAN, I.M. GLIP, R.E. JACKSON, J.R. AMORY, E.L. SOUTHALL, T.CY. RIORDAN, T.I. MCCONNELL and B.S. WILKINS, Effects of 15h journey followed by either 12h starvation or ad liblium hay on the behaviour and blood chemistry of sheep. Animal Welfare, 8 : 135-148. 1999. – reference: 20) COCKRAM, M.S., J.E. KENT, P. J. GODDARD, N.K. WARAN, R.E. JACKSON, I.M. MCGLIP, E.L. SOUTHALL, J.R. AMORY, T.I. MCCONNELL, T.O'. RIORDAN and B.S. WILKINS, Behavioural and physiological responses of sheep to 16h transport and a novel environment post-transpor. The Veterinary Journal, 159 : 139-146.2000. – reference: 32) FAHMY, M.H. and L.A. GUILBAURT, Effect of transportation stress on ovarian activities and reproductive performance of ewes during the anoestrous period. Animal Reproduction Science, 19 : 229-233.1989. – reference: 18) JARVIS, A.M., M.S. COCKRAM and I.M. MCGLIP, Bruising and biochemical measures of stress, dehydration injury determined at slaughter in sheep transported from farms or markets. British Veternary Journal, 152 : 719-722.1996. – reference: 33) BRADEN, A.W.H. and G.R. MOULE, Effect of stress on ovarian morphology and oestrous cycles in ewes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 15 : 937-949.1964. – reference: 26) RUIZ-DE-LA-TORRE, J.L., A. VELARDE, A. DIESTRE, M. GISPERT, S. J.G. HALL, D.M. BROOM and X. MANTECA, Effects of vehicle movements during transport on the stress responses and meat quality of sheep. Veterinary Record, 148 : 227-229.2001. – reference: 19) HALL, S. J.G., S.M. KIRKPATRICK and D.M. BROOM, Behavioural and physiological responses of sheep of different breeds to supplementary feeding, social mixing and taming, in the context of transport. Animal Science, 67 : 475-483.1998. – reference: 22) HORTON, G.M. J., J.A. BALDWIN, S.M. EMANUELE, J.E. WOHLT and L.R. McDowELL, Performance and blood chemistry in lambs following fasting and transport. Animal Science, 62 : 49-56. 1996. – reference: 21) COCKRAM, M.S., E.M. BAXTER, L.A. SMITH, S. BELL, C.M. HOWARD, R. J. PRESCOTT and M.A. MITCHELL, Effect of driver behaviour, diving events and road type onthe stability and resting behaviour of sheep of in transit. Animal Science, 79 : 165-176.2004. – reference: 4) 植竹勝治・石渡俊江・江口祐輔・田中智夫・佐藤衆介, 輸送牛の家畜福祉.畜産の研究, 62 : 70-86. 2008. – reference: 23) JARVIS, A.M. and M.S. COCKRAM, Effects of handling and transport on bruising of sheep sent directly from farms to slaughter. The Veterinary Journal, 135 : 523-527.1994. – reference: 9) KNOWLES, T.G., S.N. BROWN, P.D. WARRISS, A.J.PHILLIPS, S.K. DOLAN, P.J. HUNT, E. FORD, J.E. EDWARDS and P.E. WATKINS, Effects on sheep of transport by road for up to 24 hours. Veterinary Record, 136 : 431-438. 1995. – reference: 5) BROOM, D.M., J.A. GOODE, S. J.G. HALL, D.M. LLOYD and R.F. PARROTT, Hormonal and physiological effects of a 15 hour journey in sheep : comparison with the responses to loading, handling and penning in the absence of transport. British Veterinary Journal, 152 : 593-604. 1996. – reference: 1) 植竹勝治, 欧州連合ならびに英国における動物福祉に関する規制の現状と研究の動向.日本畜産学会報, 75 : 493-512. 2004. – reference: 25) KNOWLES, T.G., D.H.L. MAUNDER and P.D. WARRISS, Factors affecting the incidence of bruising in lambs arriving at one slaughterhouse. Veterinary Record, 134 : 44-45.1994. – reference: 28) BRADSHOW, R.H., S.J.G. HALL and D.M. BROOM, Behaviour and cortisol response of pigs and sheep during transport. Veterinary Record, 138 : 233-234.1996. – reference: 29) HALL, S. J.G., S.M. KIRKPATRIC and D.M. BROOM, Noise and vehicular motion as potential stressors during the transport of sheep. Animal Science, 67 : 467-473.1998. – reference: 12) COCKRAM, M.S., J.E. KENT, R.E. JACKSON, P.J. GODDARD, O.M. DOHERTY, I.M. MCGLIP, A. Fox, T.C. STUDDERT-KENNEDY, T.I. MCCONNELL and T.CY. RIORDAN, Effect of lairage during 24h of transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of sheep. Animal Science, 65 : 391-402. 1997. – reference: 8) JARVIS, A.M. and M.S. COCKRAM, Handling of sheep at markets and the incidence of bruising.Veterinal Record, 136 : 582-585. 1995. – reference: 17) KNOWLES, T.G., P.D. WARRISS, S.N. BROWN and S.C. KESTIN, Long distance transport of export lambs. Veterinary Record, 134 : 107-110.1994. – reference: 31) WARRISS, P.D., E.A. BEVIS and C.S. YOUNG, Transport and lairage times of lambs slaughtered commercially in the south of England. Veterinary Record, 127 : 5-8.1990. – reference: 14) KNOWLES, G., P.D. WARRISS, S.N. BROWN, S.C. KESTIN, J.E. EDWARDS, A.M. PERRY, P.E. WATKINS and A.J. PHILLIPS, Effects of feeding, watering and resting intervals on lambs transported by road and ferry to france. Veterinary Record, 139 : 335-339. 1996. |
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| Snippet | 本報は, 1990年以降の比較的新しいヒツジ輸送の研究から, 輸送の影響およびその評価指標についてまとめ, 提供することを目的とした。輸送時に負荷されるストレスは, 1) 身... |
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| StartPage | 20 |
| Title | ヒツジの輸送時における福祉とその評価 |
| URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpnjsheepsci1964/2008/45/2008_45_20/_article/-char/ja |
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| ispartofPNX | 日本緬羊研究会誌, 2008/12/20, Vol.2008(45), pp.20-29 |
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