アシ植栽人工湿地における排水処理特性およびAGPによる機能評価
窒素、リンのような栄養塩類により湖沼、内湾等の閉鎖水域および地下水等の富栄養化、硝酸汚染等が世界的にも大きな問題となっている。これらの汚濁負荷の大きな要因として生活排水があげられるが, 本研究ではこの排水に着目し、かつ、太陽エネルギーを活用し、低コストで処理が可能な特徴を有する生態工学技法としての人工湿地における処理特性と処理水のAGP (藻類増殖潜在能力) 評価による藻類増殖特性について検討を行った。 人工湿地としてはFWS (表面流方式)、SF (浸透流方式) を対象とした。その結果、窒素、リン除去能は各々SF系で3.74～7.87mg・l -1、0.42～2.41mg・l -1、FWS系...
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| Published in | 日本水処理生物学会誌 Vol. 41; no. 4; pp. 159 - 170 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
日本水処理生物学会
2005
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0910-6758 1881-0438 |
| DOI | 10.2521/jswtb.41.159 |
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| Abstract | 窒素、リンのような栄養塩類により湖沼、内湾等の閉鎖水域および地下水等の富栄養化、硝酸汚染等が世界的にも大きな問題となっている。これらの汚濁負荷の大きな要因として生活排水があげられるが, 本研究ではこの排水に着目し、かつ、太陽エネルギーを活用し、低コストで処理が可能な特徴を有する生態工学技法としての人工湿地における処理特性と処理水のAGP (藻類増殖潜在能力) 評価による藻類増殖特性について検討を行った。 人工湿地としてはFWS (表面流方式)、SF (浸透流方式) を対象とした。その結果、窒素、リン除去能は各々SF系で3.74～7.87mg・l -1、0.42～2.41mg・l -1、FWS系で7.82～35.88mg・l -1、2.75～4.53mg・l -1と大きな差が得られ、土壌中を汚水が浸透するSF系の有効性が認められた。 また、AGP試験より、N/P比により藻類増殖は影響を受けると同時に窒素、リンの中でもPhormidium tenue、Selenastrum capricornutum, Oscillatoria tenuisはリン、Microcystis aeruginosaは窒素が制限になることが明らかとなった。 |
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| AbstractList | 窒素、リンのような栄養塩類により湖沼、内湾等の閉鎖水域および地下水等の富栄養化、硝酸汚染等が世界的にも大きな問題となっている。これらの汚濁負荷の大きな要因として生活排水があげられるが, 本研究ではこの排水に着目し、かつ、太陽エネルギーを活用し、低コストで処理が可能な特徴を有する生態工学技法としての人工湿地における処理特性と処理水のAGP (藻類増殖潜在能力) 評価による藻類増殖特性について検討を行った。 人工湿地としてはFWS (表面流方式)、SF (浸透流方式) を対象とした。その結果、窒素、リン除去能は各々SF系で3.74～7.87mg・l -1、0.42～2.41mg・l -1、FWS系で7.82～35.88mg・l -1、2.75～4.53mg・l -1と大きな差が得られ、土壌中を汚水が浸透するSF系の有効性が認められた。 また、AGP試験より、N/P比により藻類増殖は影響を受けると同時に窒素、リンの中でもPhormidium tenue、Selenastrum capricornutum, Oscillatoria tenuisはリン、Microcystis aeruginosaは窒素が制限になることが明らかとなった。 |
| Author | 清水, 康利 桂, 萍 徐, 開欽 稲森, 隆平 木村, 賢史 稲森, 悠平 |
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| References | 11) Harberl, R.: Constructed wetlands: a chance to solve wastewater problems in developing countries. Wat. Sci. Tech., 40 (3), 11-17 (1999 19) Reed, S. C. and Brown, D. S.: Constructed wetland design-the first generation. Wat. Env. Res., 64 (6), 776-781 (1992 1) Abdelhamid, MI, Shaabandessouki, SA, and Skulberg, OM: Water Quality of the rive Nile in Egypt, 2. Water Fertility and toxicity evaluated by an algal growth potential test. Arch. Hydrobiol., 3, 311-337 (1992 6) Danuta, L. and Andrew, D.: Tertiary wastewater treatment through constructed wetland ecosystems. Env. Protection Eng., 18 (1-2), 13-23 (1992 9) Gerhold, R. M.: Algal nutritional bioassays of lake Wylie, North Carolina, In: E. Joe Middlebrooks, Donna H. Falkenborg and Thomas E. Maloney (Eds.), Biostimulation and Nutrient Assessment, p175-220, Utah State University and EPA (1975 13) Marvan, P., Pribil, S, and Lhotsky, O.: Algal Assays and Monitoring Eutrophication, Schweizerbarts che verlag, Stuttgart, 253pp (1979 16) Peter F. B.: A mass balance method for assessing the potential of artificial wetlands for wastewater treatment. Wat. Res., 24 (6), 689-697 (1990 24) Yoshida Y., Nakahara H., and Kuwae. A.: Mechanisms on the occurrence of Mirocystis bloom at harbors in the north basin of lake Biwa, Nippon Suisan Gakk., 62 (2), 230-235 (1996 12) Iwata, Y., Sugahara, I., Kimura, T. et al.: Growth Potential of Gymnodinium mikimotoi in Gakasho Bay, Nippon Suisan Gakk., 63 (4), 578-584 (1997 25) Japan Sewage works Association.: Biota in Water Supply System in Japan, Tokyo Japan (1992 10) Gerloff, G. C. and Skoog. F.: Nitrogen as limiting factor for the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa in southern Wisconsin lakes. Ecology, 38, 556-560 (1957 17) Procella, D. B., Grau, P., Huang, C. H., Radimsky, J., Toerien D. F., and Pearson E. A.: Provisional Algal Assay Procedures, 180pp. First annual report of the sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, Berkley (1970 14) Miller, W. E., Greene, L. C., and Shiroyama, T.: The selenastrum capricornutum PRINTZ algal assay bottle test. 126 pp, EPA-600/9-78-812, U.S. Environment Protection Agency, Oregon (1978 4) Chaudani, G. and Vighi, M.: The N/P ratio and tests with Selenastrum to predict eutrophication in lakes. Wat. Rse., 8, 1063-1069 (1974 3) Berman, T. and Chava, S.: Algal growth on organic compounds as nitrogen sources, J. Plankton Res., 21 (8), 1423-1437 (1999 23) Yoshida Y. and Okono T.: Relationship between the occurrence of microcystis bloom and DON:DIN ratios in Lake Suwa, Nippon Suisan Gakk., 62 (4), 631-637 (1996 7) Gakstatter, J. H., Allum, M. O., and Omernik, J. M.: Lake eutrophication: results from the national eutrophication survey, In: EPA (Ed.), Water Quality Criteria Research of the U.S EPA Proceedings of an EPA-sponsored symposium, EPA-600/3-76-079 (1976 15) Nicholas, D. S.: Removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewater by wetland vegetation. J. WPCF, 55, 485-491 (1983 21) Stepanauskas, R., Leonardson, L., and Tranvik L. J.: Bioavailability of wetland-Derived DON to freshwater and marine bacterioplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44 (6), 1477-1485 (1999 2) APHA: Bioassay methods for aquatic organisms. In: Standard methods for examination of Water and Wastewater, 15th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA (1980 26) Jacoby JM., Collier DC et al.: Environmental factors associated with a toxic bloom of Mirocystis aeruginosa, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57 (1), 231-240 (2000 18) Reed, C. S. and Ronald, W. C.: Natural systems for waste management and treatment, McGraw-Hill, Inc. (1993 22) Sudo. R.: Microbiology for purification of environment, KODANSHA Scientific, Tokyo Japan (1983 5) Couillard, D. and Li, J. F.: Assessment of Manure-Application effects upon the runoff water quality by algal assays and chemical analyses, Environ. Pollut. 80, 273-279 (1993 8) Gale, P. M., Reddy, K. R., and Graetz, D. A.: Nitrogen removal from reclaimed water applied to constructed and natural wetland microcosms. Wat. Env. Res., 65 (2), 162-168 (1993 20) Shiroyama, T., W. E. Miller, and J. C Greene: Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum. In: EPA (Ed. |
| References_xml | – reference: 8) Gale, P. M., Reddy, K. R., and Graetz, D. A.: Nitrogen removal from reclaimed water applied to constructed and natural wetland microcosms. Wat. Env. Res., 65 (2), 162-168 (1993) – reference: 2) APHA: Bioassay methods for aquatic organisms. In: Standard methods for examination of Water and Wastewater, 15th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA (1980) – reference: 9) Gerhold, R. M.: Algal nutritional bioassays of lake Wylie, North Carolina, In: E. Joe Middlebrooks, Donna H. Falkenborg and Thomas E. Maloney (Eds.), Biostimulation and Nutrient Assessment, p175-220, Utah State University and EPA (1975) – reference: 24) Yoshida Y., Nakahara H., and Kuwae. A.: Mechanisms on the occurrence of Mirocystis bloom at harbors in the north basin of lake Biwa, Nippon Suisan Gakk., 62 (2), 230-235 (1996) – reference: 26) Jacoby JM., Collier DC et al.: Environmental factors associated with a toxic bloom of Mirocystis aeruginosa, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57 (1), 231-240 (2000) – reference: 12) Iwata, Y., Sugahara, I., Kimura, T. et al.: Growth Potential of Gymnodinium mikimotoi in Gakasho Bay, Nippon Suisan Gakk., 63 (4), 578-584 (1997) – reference: 13) Marvan, P., Pribil, S, and Lhotsky, O.: Algal Assays and Monitoring Eutrophication, Schweizerbarts che verlag, Stuttgart, 253pp (1979) – reference: 16) Peter F. B.: A mass balance method for assessing the potential of artificial wetlands for wastewater treatment. Wat. Res., 24 (6), 689-697 (1990) – reference: 20) Shiroyama, T., W. E. Miller, and J. C Greene: Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum. In: EPA (Ed.) – reference: 1) Abdelhamid, MI, Shaabandessouki, SA, and Skulberg, OM: Water Quality of the rive Nile in Egypt, 2. Water Fertility and toxicity evaluated by an algal growth potential test. Arch. Hydrobiol., 3, 311-337 (1992) – reference: 5) Couillard, D. and Li, J. F.: Assessment of Manure-Application effects upon the runoff water quality by algal assays and chemical analyses, Environ. Pollut. 80, 273-279 (1993) – reference: 19) Reed, S. C. and Brown, D. S.: Constructed wetland design-the first generation. Wat. Env. Res., 64 (6), 776-781 (1992) – reference: 3) Berman, T. and Chava, S.: Algal growth on organic compounds as nitrogen sources, J. Plankton Res., 21 (8), 1423-1437 (1999) – reference: 22) Sudo. R.: Microbiology for purification of environment, KODANSHA Scientific, Tokyo Japan (1983) – reference: 21) Stepanauskas, R., Leonardson, L., and Tranvik L. J.: Bioavailability of wetland-Derived DON to freshwater and marine bacterioplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44 (6), 1477-1485 (1999) – reference: 6) Danuta, L. and Andrew, D.: Tertiary wastewater treatment through constructed wetland ecosystems. Env. Protection Eng., 18 (1-2), 13-23 (1992) – reference: 7) Gakstatter, J. H., Allum, M. O., and Omernik, J. M.: Lake eutrophication: results from the national eutrophication survey, In: EPA (Ed.), Water Quality Criteria Research of the U.S EPA Proceedings of an EPA-sponsored symposium, EPA-600/3-76-079 (1976) – reference: 18) Reed, C. S. and Ronald, W. C.: Natural systems for waste management and treatment, McGraw-Hill, Inc. (1993) – reference: 15) Nicholas, D. S.: Removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewater by wetland vegetation. J. WPCF, 55, 485-491 (1983) – reference: 10) Gerloff, G. C. and Skoog. F.: Nitrogen as limiting factor for the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa in southern Wisconsin lakes. Ecology, 38, 556-560 (1957) – reference: 11) Harberl, R.: Constructed wetlands: a chance to solve wastewater problems in developing countries. Wat. Sci. Tech., 40 (3), 11-17 (1999) – reference: 23) Yoshida Y. and Okono T.: Relationship between the occurrence of microcystis bloom and DON:DIN ratios in Lake Suwa, Nippon Suisan Gakk., 62 (4), 631-637 (1996) – reference: 4) Chaudani, G. and Vighi, M.: The N/P ratio and tests with Selenastrum to predict eutrophication in lakes. Wat. Rse., 8, 1063-1069 (1974) – reference: 14) Miller, W. E., Greene, L. C., and Shiroyama, T.: The selenastrum capricornutum PRINTZ algal assay bottle test. 126 pp, EPA-600/9-78-812, U.S. Environment Protection Agency, Oregon (1978) – reference: 25) Japan Sewage works Association.: Biota in Water Supply System in Japan, Tokyo Japan (1992) – reference: 17) Procella, D. B., Grau, P., Huang, C. H., Radimsky, J., Toerien D. F., and Pearson E. A.: Provisional Algal Assay Procedures, 180pp. First annual report of the sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, Berkley (1970) |
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| Title | アシ植栽人工湿地における排水処理特性およびAGPによる機能評価 |
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