国立公園における沿岸生態系の気候変動影響と適応策
沿岸域にみられる生物群集・生態系は高い生態系サービスを有することが知られている。その中でも造礁サンゴから構成されるサンゴ群集やサンゴ礁は亜熱帯域から温帯域にかけての日本の多くの国立公園の資質のひとつとなっている。優れた自然景観や生物・生態系を有する国立公園においては利用と保全の両立が課題であるが,資質の劣化が生じるような場合には適切な保全策もしくは適応策を検討することが重要である。サンゴは水温上昇の影響を強く受ける生物群集のひとつであり,温暖化等の気候変動の影響を予測し,その影響を軽減できるような対策(適応策)の検討が不可欠である。本研究では,亜熱帯域に位置する慶良間諸島国立公園及び奄美群島国...
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Published in | 地球環境 Vol. 28; no. 1; pp. 95 - 102 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Japanese |
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一般社団法人 国際環境研究協会
2023
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Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1342-226X 2758-3783 |
DOI | 10.57466/chikyukankyo.28.1_95 |
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Abstract | 沿岸域にみられる生物群集・生態系は高い生態系サービスを有することが知られている。その中でも造礁サンゴから構成されるサンゴ群集やサンゴ礁は亜熱帯域から温帯域にかけての日本の多くの国立公園の資質のひとつとなっている。優れた自然景観や生物・生態系を有する国立公園においては利用と保全の両立が課題であるが,資質の劣化が生じるような場合には適切な保全策もしくは適応策を検討することが重要である。サンゴは水温上昇の影響を強く受ける生物群集のひとつであり,温暖化等の気候変動の影響を予測し,その影響を軽減できるような対策(適応策)の検討が不可欠である。本研究では,亜熱帯域に位置する慶良間諸島国立公園及び奄美群島国立公園,温帯域に位置する足摺宇和海国立公園とその周辺域を対象に,水温上昇等の気候変動影響を評価し,地域ごとの適応策を検討することを目的とした。慶良間諸島においては空間解像度 100 m の水温のデータセット,奄美群島と足摺宇和海においては解像度約 2 km のデータセットを用いて将来の水温上昇の影響を評価した。また,慶良間諸島と奄美群島では優先的に保全すべき海域を特定するとともに,足摺宇和海では生物相の変化を受けて利用や管理の観点でどのような適応策を推進すべきかを検討した。気候変動の影響もしくは影響の受けやすさは地域間だけでなく地域内によっても大きく異なるため,地域ごとの個別の予測評価を積み重ねていくことが重要である。 |
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AbstractList | 沿岸域にみられる生物群集・生態系は高い生態系サービスを有することが知られている。その中でも造礁サンゴから構成されるサンゴ群集やサンゴ礁は亜熱帯域から温帯域にかけての日本の多くの国立公園の資質のひとつとなっている。優れた自然景観や生物・生態系を有する国立公園においては利用と保全の両立が課題であるが,資質の劣化が生じるような場合には適切な保全策もしくは適応策を検討することが重要である。サンゴは水温上昇の影響を強く受ける生物群集のひとつであり,温暖化等の気候変動の影響を予測し,その影響を軽減できるような対策(適応策)の検討が不可欠である。本研究では,亜熱帯域に位置する慶良間諸島国立公園及び奄美群島国立公園,温帯域に位置する足摺宇和海国立公園とその周辺域を対象に,水温上昇等の気候変動影響を評価し,地域ごとの適応策を検討することを目的とした。慶良間諸島においては空間解像度 100 m の水温のデータセット,奄美群島と足摺宇和海においては解像度約 2 km のデータセットを用いて将来の水温上昇の影響を評価した。また,慶良間諸島と奄美群島では優先的に保全すべき海域を特定するとともに,足摺宇和海では生物相の変化を受けて利用や管理の観点でどのような適応策を推進すべきかを検討した。気候変動の影響もしくは影響の受けやすさは地域間だけでなく地域内によっても大きく異なるため,地域ごとの個別の予測評価を積み重ねていくことが重要である。 |
Author | 山野, 博哉 熊谷, 直喜 阿部, 博哉 |
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Marine Policy, 141, 105090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105090 JPL MUR MEaSUREs Project(2015)GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis(v4.1).http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04 Abe, H., Kumagai, N. H. and Yamano, H.(2022b)Priority coral conservation areas under global warming in the Amami Islands, Southern Japan. Coral Reefs, 41, 1637−1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-022-02309-9 Hoegh-Guldberg, O.(2011)Coral reef ecosystems and anthropogenic climate change. Regional Environmental Change, 11, 215−227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0189-2 Munang, R., Thiaw, I., Alverson, K., Mumba, M., Liu, J. and Rivington, M.(2013)Climate change and Ecosystem-based Adaptation: a new pragmatic approach to buffering climate change impacts. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5, 67−71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.12.001 Takao, S., Yamano, H., Sugihara, K., Kumagai, N. 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(2018a)Ocean currents and herbivory drive macroalgae-to-coral community shift under climate warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, 8990−8995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716826115 Moberg, F. and Folke, C.(1999)Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems. Ecological Economics, 29, 215−233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00009-9 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)(2019) Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/(Accessed 19, March, 2021) Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Poloczanska, E. S., Skirving, W. and Dove, S.(2017)Coral reef ecosystems under climate change and ocean acidification. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00158 Blumberg, A. and Mellor, G.(1987)A Description of a Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models, Coastal Estuarine Science, Heaps, N. S. (ed.), American Geophysical Union, 1−16. Rowan, R.(2004)Thermal adaptation in reef coral symbionts. Nature, 430, 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/430742a 阿部博哉・三ツ井聡美・山野博哉(2022)国立公園における造礁サンゴ・大型海藻・海草の管理と利用:気候変動への適応策検討に向けた課題の抽出. 保全生態学研究, 27, 1−19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18960/hozen.2120 Abe, H., Mitsui, S. and Yamano, H. (2022c)Conservation of the coral community and local stakeholdersʼ perceptions of climate change impacts: Examples and gap analysis in three Japanese national parks. Ocean and Coastal Management, 218, 106042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106042 Frieler, K., Meinshausen, M., Golly, A., Mengel, M., Lebek, K., Donner, S. D. and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2013)Limiting global warming to 2°C is unlikely to save most coral reefs. Nature Climate Change, 3, 165−170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1674 Yara, Y., Vogt, M., Fujii, M., Yamano, H., Hauri, C., Steinacher, M., Gruber, N. and Yamanaka, Y(.2012)Ocean acidification limits temperature-induced poleward expansion of coral habitats around Japan. Biogeosciences, 9, 4955−4968. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4955-2012 阿部博哉・三ツ井聡美・鈴木はるか・北野裕子・熊谷直喜・山野博哉(2021)足摺宇和海国立公園周辺海域における沿岸生態系の利用・保全状況とサンゴ群集・海藻藻場の分布. 日本サンゴ礁学会誌, 23, 1−19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3755/jcrs.23.1 Kumagai, N. H., Yamano, H. and Committee Sango-Map-Project(2018b)High-resolution modeling of thermal thresholds and environmental influences on coral bleaching for local and regional reef management. PeerJ, 6, e4382. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4382 |
References_xml | – reference: Abe, H., Kumagai, N. H. and Yamano, H.(2022b)Priority coral conservation areas under global warming in the Amami Islands, Southern Japan. Coral Reefs, 41, 1637−1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-022-02309-9 – reference: Blumberg, A. and Mellor, G.(1987)A Description of a Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models, Coastal Estuarine Science, Heaps, N. S. (ed.), American Geophysical Union, 1−16. – reference: Takao, S., Yamano, H., Sugihara, K., Kumagai, N. H., Fujii, M. and Yamanaka, Y.(2015)An improved estimation of the poleward expansion of coral habitats based on the inter-annual variation of sea surface temperatures. Coral Reefs, 34, 1125−1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-015-1347-2 – reference: 阿部博哉・三ツ井聡美・山野博哉(2022)国立公園における造礁サンゴ・大型海藻・海草の管理と利用:気候変動への適応策検討に向けた課題の抽出. 保全生態学研究, 27, 1−19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18960/hozen.2120 – reference: Kumagai, N. H., Yamano, H. and Committee Sango-Map-Project(2018b)High-resolution modeling of thermal thresholds and environmental influences on coral bleaching for local and regional reef management. PeerJ, 6, e4382. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4382 – reference: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)(2019) Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/(Accessed 19, March, 2021) – reference: Harley, C. D. G., Anderson, K. M., Demes, K. W., Jorve, J. P., Kordas, R. L., Coyle, T. A. and Graham, M. H.(2012)Effects of climate change on global seaweed communities. Journal of Phycology, 48, 1064−1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01224.x – reference: Yara, Y., Vogt, M., Fujii, M., Yamano, H., Hauri, C., Steinacher, M., Gruber, N. and Yamanaka, Y(.2012)Ocean acidification limits temperature-induced poleward expansion of coral habitats around Japan. Biogeosciences, 9, 4955−4968. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4955-2012 – reference: Hoegh-Guldberg, O.(2011)Coral reef ecosystems and anthropogenic climate change. Regional Environmental Change, 11, 215−227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0189-2 – reference: 川越久史(2017)モニタリングサイト 1000 からみた2016 年のサンゴの大規模白化. 日本サンゴ礁学会誌, 19, 21−28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3755/jcrs.19.21 – reference: Abe, H., Kitano, Y. F., Fujita, T. and Yamano, H(.2022a)Distribution, use, management, regulation, and future concerns of reef-building corals based on administrative documents in Japan. Marine Policy, 141, 105090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105090 – reference: Abe, H., Kumagai, N. H., Yamano, H. and Kuramoto, Y(.2021a)Coupling high-resolution coral bleaching modeling with management practices to identify areas for conservation in a warming climate: Keramashoto National Park(Okinawa Prefecture, Japan). Science of the Total Environment, 790, 148094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148094 – reference: Yasuda, N. (2018) Distribution expansion and historical population outbreak patterns of crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci sensu lato, in Japan from 1912 to 2015. In: Iguchi A., Hongo C. (eds.)Coral Reef Studies of Japan. Coral Reefs of the World, 13. Springer, Singapore. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6473-9_9 – reference: 阿部博哉・三ツ井聡美・鈴木はるか・北野裕子・熊谷直喜・山野博哉(2021)足摺宇和海国立公園周辺海域における沿岸生態系の利用・保全状況とサンゴ群集・海藻藻場の分布. 日本サンゴ礁学会誌, 23, 1−19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3755/jcrs.23.1 – reference: JPL MUR MEaSUREs Project(2015)GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis(v4.1).http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04 – reference: Kuroda, H., Setou, T., Kakehi, S., Ito, S., Taneda, T. and Watanabe, T.(2017)Recent advances in Japanese fisheries science in the Kuroshio-Oyashio region through development of the FRA-ROMS ocean forecast system: overview of the reproducibility of reanalysis products. Open Journal of Marine Science, 7, 62−90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2017.71006 – reference: Abe, H., Mitsui, S. and Yamano, H. (2022c)Conservation of the coral community and local stakeholdersʼ perceptions of climate change impacts: Examples and gap analysis in three Japanese national parks. 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Title | 国立公園における沿岸生態系の気候変動影響と適応策 |
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