A comparative study of pseudorandom sequences used in a c-VEP based BCI for online wheelchair control

In this study, a c-VEP based BCI system was developed to run on three distinctive pseudorandom sequences, namely the m-code, the Gold-code, and the Barker-code. The Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) were provoked using these codes. In the online session, subjects controlled a LEGO ® Mindstorms ® robot...

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Published in2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) Vol. 2016; pp. 1512 - 1515
Main Authors Isaksen, Jonas, Mohebbi, Ali, Puthusserypady, Sadasivan
Format Conference Proceeding Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States IEEE 01.08.2016
Subjects
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Correlation
Electroencephalography
Evoked Potentials, Visual
Humans
Monitoring
Photic Stimulation
Random sequences
Robots
Visualization
Wheelchairs
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ISSN1557-170X
DOI10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590997

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Summary:In this study, a c-VEP based BCI system was developed to run on three distinctive pseudorandom sequences, namely the m-code, the Gold-code, and the Barker-code. The Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) were provoked using these codes. In the online session, subjects controlled a LEGO ® Mindstorms ® robot around a fixed track. Choosing the optimal code proved a significant increase in accuracy (p<;0.00001) over the average performance. No single code proved significantly more accurate than the others (p=0.81), suggesting that the term "optimal code" is subject-dependent. However, the Gold-code was significantly faster than both alternatives (p=0.006, p=0.016). When choosing the optimal code for accuracy, no significant decrease in Time Per Identification (TPI) was found (p=0.67). Thus, when creating an online c-VEP based BCI system, it is recommended to use multiple random sequences for increased performance.
ISSN:1557-170X
DOI:10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590997