Analysis of Energy Harvesting in Beyond Diagonal-RIS-Enabled WSNs

• Published in: Proceedings of IEEE Sensors ... pp. 1 - 4
• Main Authors: Pandit, Amit Kr, Agham, Kunal, Shekhawat, Ajeet Singh, Singh, Yatindra Nath
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 20.10.2024
• Subjects: beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS); Energy harvesting; Optimization; Protocols; Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces; RF signals; Scattering; Surveillance; System performance; Wireless power transfer; Wireless sensor networks
• ISSN: 2168-9229
• DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS60989.2024.10784592

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in many applications, especially for disaster management and surveillance in challenging terrains. The sensor nodes' energy is crucial for the network's lifetime and system performance. To address this, we investigated wireless power transfer (WPT) using radiative RF signals from the base station (BS). Since a direct link between BS and WSNs can be blocked, we consider a beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)-enabled WPT for WSNs. We formulate the optimization problem to maximize total energy harvesting (EH) at the system's cluster head (CH) nodes, subject to BD-RIS scattering matrix constraints. We select CHs among the sensor nodes using the LEACH protocol. This work uses a low-complexity solution to the optimization problem. The proposed work is evaluated using MATLAB and compared to benchmark WPT and RIS-assisted WPT methods. We analyze the total EH versus transmit power for different BD-RIS modes and architectures. Additionally, we examine total EH for varying numbers of BD-RIS cells and CH distances. BD-RIS-enabled WPT shows a significant gain in total EH compared to WPT and RIS-assisted WPT.