Inflammatory Genes in Epicardial Fat Contiguous With Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Changes associated with pioglitazone

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 730 - 733
• Main Authors: Sacks, Harold S, Fain, John N, Cheema, Paramjeet, Bahouth, Suleiman W, Garrett, Edward, Wolf, Rodney Y, Wolford, David, Samaha, Joseph
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01.03.2011
• Subjects: adipose tissue; antagonists; Atherosclerosis; Biological and medical sciences; coronary artery disease; Coronary Artery Disease - drug therapy; Coronary Artery Disease - genetics; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diagnosis; Drug therapy; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; genetics; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Insulin resistance; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein - genetics; interleukin-10; Interleukin-10 - genetics; interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-1beta - genetics; Medical sciences; messenger RNA; Metabolic diseases; metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - drug therapy; Metabolic Syndrome - genetics; metabolism; Miscellaneous; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Original Research; Other metabolic disorders; patients; Pericardium; Pericardium - metabolism; Polymerase chain reaction; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk factors; Statistical methods; Studies; surgery; therapeutic use; Thiazolidinediones; Thiazolidinediones - therapeutic use; Type 2 diabetes; United States; Endocrinopathy; Type 2 diabetes; Human; Agonist; Nutrition; Pioglitazone; Coronary artery; Epicardium; Cardiovascular disease; Metabolic diseases; Thiazolidinedione derivatives; Inflammation; Change; PPAR-γ receptor; Metabolic syndrome; Coronary heart disease; Vascular disease; Hypoglycemic agent; Association; Gene; Atherosclerosis; Fat; Genetics; Endocrinology
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/dc10-2083

OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in gene expression in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) associated with coronary atherosclerosis (CAD) and effects of pioglitazone therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Genes were quantified by RT-PCR in EAT and thoracic subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) obtained during surgery in CAD patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) or type 2 diabetes and control subjects with minimal or no CAD and no MS or type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: Increased expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-10, a trend for higher IL-1β, and no change in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was found in EAT from MS or type 2 diabetes. Only PPARγ mRNA was reduced in SAT. Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARγ in SAT. CONCLUSIONS: In MS and type 2 diabetes with CAD, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes were differentially increased in EAT and selectively reduced in association with pioglitazone treatment.