伝統·文化理解教育とナショナリズム

• Published in: 한림일본학 Vol. 40; pp. 7 - 38
• Main Authors: 千本秀樹, Hideki Chimoto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Japanese; Korean
• Published: 한림대학교 일본학연구소 30.06.2022; 일본학연구소
• Subjects: Emperor culture; Japanese culture; Nationalism; Policy for the making of imperial subjects; Tradition and culture; ナショナリズム; 伝統·文化; 天皇文化; 日本文化; 皇民政策; 내셔널리즘; 일본문화; 일본어와문학; 전통·문화; 천황문화; 황민정책
• ISSN: 1738-5334; 2466-1015
• DOI: 10.18238/HALLYM.40.1

現在、各国政府がナショナリズムの鼓吹に躍起となっているが、その背景には世界帝国主義体制の変容による各国での階級分化の進行がある。日本の場合、2006年に安倍内閣が教育基本法を改訂し、「日本の伝統·文化理解教育」の推進を掲げた。日本の伝統文化とされるものは、明治政府が政治的に作ったものが多い。明治維新以前には、日本列島の住民には「日本人」としての自己認識はなかったが、北海道や琉球を国境内に取り込み、列島の文化を均質化して、「日本人」を創出しようとした。つくられた「日本文化」の核心は天皇文化·皇室文化にあり、それがさも日本古来のものであるかのように装った。天皇のために死ねることが「日本人」としての完成形であり、皇民政策は植民地への同化政策につながっていった。現在行なわれている「日本の伝統·文化理解教育」は、現代帝国主義体制の融合的変容に応じたものである。 Many countries around the world are keen to inspire nationalism, which is explained by the ongoing class division in each country resulting from the transformation of the imperialist system. In Japan, the Abe Administration started promoting education for understanding the tradition and culture of Japan in 2006 when it revised the Basic Act on Education. Much of what is perceived as traditional culture was created politically by the Meiji government. Japanese people in mainland Japan did not have self-awareness as a “Japanese person” before the Meiji Restoration, and the country tried to create the “Japanese” by incorporating Hokkaido and Ryujyu into its territory for the cultural homogenization. The core of such intentionally created “Japanese culture’ lies in the emperor culture and imperial culture, and it was disguised as if it were a Japanese tradition. Dying for the emperor represented the perfection as a Japanese person, and the policy for the making of imperial subjects led to the assimilation policy. The education for understanding of Japanese tradition and culture is being promoted in response to the convergent transformation of the modern imperialist system.