Designing the architecture of the client-server interaction protocol for web applications based on websocket

• Published in: Программные системы и вычислительные методы no. 3; pp. 20 - 30
• Main Author: Fedulov, Aleksei Alekseevich
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.03.2025
• ISSN: 2454-0714; 2454-0714
• DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2025.3.75392

The subject of the research is the design of the architecture of the client-server protocol for web applications based on the WebSocket technology. The object of the study is the mechanisms for bidirectional real-time data exchange and existing solutions based on HTTP/HTTPS, SSE, SignalR, gRPC-Web, Socket.IO, and WS. The author examines in detail aspects of the topic such as formalization and unification of the logical channel structures, message routing, connection activity monitoring, and automatic session recovery. Special attention is given to analyzing the advantages and limitations of each approach to develop requirements for a new protocol architecture. The work includes a comparative analysis of existing libraries and technologies, which helped identify key parameters for effective, scalable, and fault-tolerant implementation of bidirectional interaction. The design method used is the MVCS (Model-View-Controller-Service) pattern, supplemented by the modular organization of the SingleSocket library and an analytical comparison of existing technological solutions in client-server interaction. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the development and implementation of a protocol architecture that provides a balanced and technically justified approach to bidirectional real-time data exchange. A significant contribution of the author to the research topic is the formalization of the declarative structure of channels tied to controllers, the implementation of a configurable connection activity monitoring mechanism on the server with automatic termination of inactive sessions, and the built-in logic for connection recovery on the client. The novelty of the research lies in the application of the MVCS architectural model to enhance structuring, the use of a universal JSON format with channel routing, and the modular implementation of components for reuse and simplified integration. The proposed architecture serves as a solid foundation for creating scalable, reliable, and flexible modern information systems.