Scheduling of Multifunction Multistatic Sensor

• Published in: IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems Vol. 61; no. 5; pp. 12170 - 12183
• Main Authors: Suja, Jergus, Kulmon, Pavel, Benko, Matej
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.10.2025; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Approximation; Divergence; First passage time (FPT) probability distribution; Frequencies; Frequency spectrum; Goal programming; Linear programming; Markov chains; Monte Carlo probability distribution estimation; Monte Carlo simulation; multiobjective optimization; Multiple objective analysis; Optimal scheduling; Optimization models; Position measurement; Probability density functions; Probability distribution functions; Programming; Radar; Radar cross-sections; Radar tracking; Receivers; Scheduling; sensor scheduling; Sensors; Surveys; Target tracking; Tracking; Tracking systems; Tuning
• ISSN: 0018-9251; 1557-9603
• DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2025.3572871

The concept of multistatic sensor scheduling is of paramount importance in modern surveillance and tracking systems. It is a complex undertaking that requires careful consideration of the multiple objectives involved. This article presents a multiobjective integer nonlinear optimization model of a multistatic passive sensor that has been scalarized using the goal programming method. This approach is designed to yield an optimal solution that facilitates a balanced schedule for tuning multiple receivers to fulfill a multifunctional role, namely to survey the frequency spectrum and track targets effectively. This article presents a mathematical model for each functionality in the form of an objective function. In this study, we investigate the probability density function of the first passage time (FPT) in a Markov chain, which we approximate by an exponential distribution. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates that our approximation is an effective means of minimizing the mean of the FPT random vector. Based on this approximation, an objective function for surveying the frequency spectrum with a multistatic passive sensor is provided. In contrast to existing works that employ information-driven scheduling and utilize expected information gain derived from the Rényi divergence, we propose an information-driven objective function derived from the Kullback-Leibler divergence. This is subject to the constraint that position measurement is obtained only if all sensors of a multistatic system receive in the same frequency band. To our best knowledge, this work provides the most balanced multiobjective optimization model for scheduling to date, as no weights are incorporated in the resulting model. Instead, the objective functions are normalized.