Dietary Macronutrient Composition Directs ChREBP Isoform Expression and Glucose Metabolism in Mice

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 12; p. e0168797
• Main Authors: Jois, Tara, Howard, Victor, Youngs, Kristina, Cowley, Michael A., Sleeman, Mark W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 19.12.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Adipose tissue; Analysis; Animal tissues; Animals; Bioindicators; Biology and Life Sciences; Body fat; Body weight; Carbohydrate metabolism; Carbohydrates; Change detection; Desaturase; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates - adverse effects; Dietary Carbohydrates - pharmacology; Fatty liver; Fatty Liver - chemically induced; Fatty Liver - metabolism; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Genetic aspects; Glucose; Glucose - metabolism; Glucose tolerance; High carbohydrate diet; High fat diet; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - chemically induced; Inflammation - genetics; Inflammation - metabolism; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intolerance; Lipids; Liver; Liver - metabolism; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mice; Nuclear Proteins - biosynthesis; Physical Sciences; Protein Isoforms - biosynthesis; Pyruvate kinase; Pyruvate Kinase - biosynthesis; Pyruvic acid; Risk factors; Rodents; Sensitivity; Sensitivity enhancement; Stearoyl-CoA desaturase; Steatosis; Transcription Factors - biosynthesis; Type 2 diabetes; United States
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168797

Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a lipogenic transcription factor that is thought to be involved in the development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Increased ChREBP expression in liver results in increased hepatic steatosis, and the isoform ChREBPβ in adipose tissue can predict insulin sensitivity in obese humans. As ChREBP is activated by glucose, it was postulated that the composition of diet would regulate ChREBP isoform expression in metabolically relevant tissues. We compared the effects of diets with high complex carbohydrate, high fat, or a normal chow on ChREBP expression and metabolic parameters in C57BL/6 mice. We found that diets high in fat decrease ChREBP expression in adipose tissue, but isocaloric diets high in carbohydrate have no effect. Interestingly, this decrease in adipose ChREBP was associated with increased inflammatory markers. In the same animals a high carbohydrate diet induced a robust increase in hepatic ChREBPβ expression (≈2-fold; p = 0.0002), but little detectable change in the more abundant ChREBPα transcript. This change was accompanied by increased expression of target genes liver pyruvate kinase (p<0.0001), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p = 0.0191) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (p = 0.0045). This increase in ChREBP expression was associated with increased hepatic steatosis, despite no changes in body weight or body fat when compared to chow-fed mice. Unexpectedly, mice fed a high carbohydrate diet displayed enhanced sensitivity to exogenous insulin, despite having mild glucose intolerance and increased liver steatosis. In summary, we have shown the composition of diet can selectively regulate ChREBP isoform expression in a tissue specific manner. Furthermore, we have shown a high complex carbohydrate diet selectively increases hepatic ChREBPβ expression, which associates with hepatic steatosis but not insulin resistance. In contrast, a high fat diet reduces adipose ChREBP, which associates with inflammation and insulin resistance.