In Vivo, Non-Invasive Characterization of Human Bone by Hybrid Broadband (600-1200 nm) Diffuse Optical and Correlation Spectroscopies

• Published in: PLOS ONE Vol. 11; no. 12; p. e0168426
• Main Authors: Konugolu Venkata Sekar, Sanathana, Pagliazzi, Marco, Negredo, Eugènia, Martelli, Fabrizio, Farina, Andrea, Dalla Mora, Alberto, Lindner, Claus, Farzam, Parisa, Pérez-Álvarez, Núria, Puig, Jordi, Taroni, Paola, Pifferi, Antonio, Durduran, Turgut
• Format: Journal Article Publication
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science (PLoS) 20.12.2016; Public Library of Science
• Subjects: 90 Operations research, mathematical programming; 90 Operations research, mathematical programming [Classificació AMS]; Adult; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood; Blood flow; bone; Bone blood flow; Bone density; Bones; Broadband; Calcaneus; Classificació AMS; Classificació AMS::90 Operations research; Classificació AMS::90 Operations research, mathematical programming; Collagen; Contrast agents; Correlation; Diagnostic imaging; diffuse spectroscopy; diffuse-correlation spectroscopy; Female; Human Bone, Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy; Humans; Innovations; Investigació operativa; Lipids; Male; Matemàtiques i estadística; Matemàtiques i estadística::Investigació operativa [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]; mathematical programming; Medical imaging; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Microvasculature; Middle Aged; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Observations; Optical properties; Osteoporosis; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Oxygen consumption (Metabolism); Oxygen metabolism; Patient care; Penetration depth; Perfusion; Physical Sciences; Physiology; Point-of-Care Systems; Q; R; Radius; Radius - diagnostic imaging; Radius - metabolism; Research and Analysis Methods; Research Article; Science; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry - instrumentation; Spectrophotometry - methods; Spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Technology application; TIME-RESOLVED REFLECTANCE; PENETRATION DEPTH; BLOOD-FLOW; HUMAN HEAD; TISSUE; DENSITY; LIGHT; OSTEOPOROSIS; TOMOGRAPHY; ABSORPTION; Tissues; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Tomography, Optical Coherence - instrumentation; Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods; Trochanter; Ulna; Ulna - diagnostic imaging; Ulna - metabolism; Àrees temàtiques de la UPC; Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Matemàtiques i estadística::Investigació operativa; Italy; Spain
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168426

Non-invasive in vivo diffuse optical characterization of human bone opens a new possibility of diagnosing bone related pathologies. We present an in vivo characterization performed on seventeen healthy subjects at six different superficial bone locations: radius distal, radius proximal, ulna distal, ulna proximal, trochanter and calcaneus. A tailored diffuse optical protocol for high penetration depth combined with the rather superficial nature of considered tissues ensured the effective probing of the bone tissue. Measurements were performed using a broadband system for Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (TRS) to assess mean absorption and reduced scattering spectra in the 600-1200 nm range and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) to monitor microvascular blood flow. Significant variations among tissue constituents were found between different locations; with radius distal rich of collagen, suggesting it as a prominent location for bone related measurements, and calcaneus bone having highest blood flow among the body locations being considered. By using TRS and DCS together, we are able to probe the perfusion and oxygen consumption of the tissue without any contrast agents. Therefore, we predict that these methods will be able to evaluate the impairment of the oxygen metabolism of the bone at the point-of-care.