Further Studies in Tissue Homotransplantation in Cattle
The work which forms the subject-matter of this communication is mainly complementary to that reported upon previously (see Anderson, Billingham, Lampkin, & Medawar, 1951; Billingham, Lampkin, Medawar, & Williams, 1952). It may be recalled that these transplantation studies were initiated in...
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| Published in | Development (Cambridge) Vol. 5; no. 4; pp. 351 - 367 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford University Press for The Company of Biologists Limited
01.12.1957
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0950-1991 1477-9129 |
| DOI | 10.1242/dev.5.4.351 |
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| Abstract | The work which forms the subject-matter of this communication is mainly complementary to that reported upon previously (see Anderson, Billingham, Lampkin, & Medawar, 1951; Billingham, Lampkin, Medawar, & Williams, 1952). It may be recalled that these transplantation studies were initiated in the mistaken belief that the one- or two-egg origin of twins in cattle could be established unequivocally according to the fate of skin grafts mutually exchanged between them, as it can in man (Rogers & Allen, 1955; Snyderman, Rogers, & Allen, 1956). In the event it proved otherwise, for although cattle reacted against and destroyed with great promptitude skin homografts from unrelated individuals, or even from full siblings of separate birth or from their dams, skin grafts exchanged between dizygotic twins nearly always proved to be almost as acceptable as those exchanged between monozygotic twins. |
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| AbstractList | The work which forms the subject-matter of this communication is mainly complementary to that reported upon previously (see Anderson, Billingham, Lampkin, & Medawar, 1951; Billingham, Lampkin, Medawar, & Williams, 1952). It may be recalled that these transplantation studies were initiated in the mistaken belief that the one- or two-egg origin of twins in cattle could be established unequivocally according to the fate of skin grafts mutually exchanged between them, as it can in man (Rogers & Allen, 1955; Snyderman, Rogers, & Allen, 1956). In the event it proved otherwise, for although cattle reacted against and destroyed with great promptitude skin homografts from unrelated individuals, or even from full siblings of separate birth or from their dams, skin grafts exchanged between dizygotic twins nearly always proved to be almost as acceptable as those exchanged between monozygotic twins. The present contribution presents a sequel to our previous investigations into problems which arose when attempts were made to use skin grafting to differentiate between monozygotic and dizygotic twins in cattle. In each of three trials grafts from a dam elicited similar reactions when transplanted to each of her one-egg twin offspring. On the basis of this finding the asymmetry of response which the majority of two-egg twins show towards grafts from their dam may be taken as evidence of their dizygotic origin.It has been shown that mutual graft exchange between unlike-sexed twins can be used as a reliable method for distinguishing reproductively normal females from freemartins. The complete success of this method provides strong evidence that homograft tolerance and the freemartin condition have a common anatomical origin.Grafts from a dam to her tetrazygotic offspring lived for upwards of 70 days, whereas grafts from a dam to her offspring of single birth rarely live for as long as 14 days. It is argued that this great prolongation in the life of their grafts is the outcome of the quadruplets having previously exchanged cells in foetal life through anastomoses of their circulations. Each must be incapable of reacting against a very wide spectrum of antigens since it will accept grafts from all its brothers and sisters.Evidence is presented which suggests that cells from her foetus not infrequently gain access to a dam and sensitize her to subsequent grafts of her offspring’s skin. A first pregnancy may be sufficient to elicit this sensitization. On the other hand, if maternal cells gain access to the foetus, this must occur very rarely for in none of seventeen calves tested with grafts of their dam’s skin was there the slightest evidence that they were tolerant.New-born calves react as vigorously as adult cattle against homografts, even when they have not received colostrum. Since new-born calves possess no serum globulins, including antibodies, this provides strong evidence that immune globulins play no essential part in the homograft reaction. |
| Author | G. H. Lampkin R. E. Billingham |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1002/jez.1400230208 10.1038/178514a0 10.1084/jem.102.2.157 10.1038/172603a0 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb45955.x 10.1071/BI9530533 10.1016/S0065-2660(08)60129-7 10.1017/S0022172400027455 10.1677/joe.0.0100325 10.1677/joe.0.0110057 10.1038/hdy.1951.38 10.1677/joe.0.0090101 10.1677/joe.0.0140240 10.1038/hdy.1952.20 10.1126/science.102.2651.400 10.1136/bmj.2.4739.1049 10.1126/science.43.1113.611 10.1038/171267b0 10.1126/science.122.3160.158.a 10.1136/bmj.1.4716.1157 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(48)92187-0 |
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