Duodenal endoluminal barrier sleeve alters gut microbiota of ZDF rats

• Published in: International Journal of Obesity Vol. 41; no. 3; pp. 381 - 389
• Main Authors: Kim, T, Holleman, C L, Ptacek, T, Morrow, C D, Habegger, K M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2017; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/326/41; 631/443/319/1642/2037; Animals; Bifidobacterium; Bioinformatics; Body fat; Body weight; Body weight loss; Care and treatment; Cecum; Clostridiales; Comorbidity; Complications and side effects; Development and progression; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenum - surgery; Dysbacteriosis; Dysbiosis; Dysbiosis - pathology; Energy expenditure; Epidemiology; Etiology; Food intake; Gastric Bypass; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; Gastrointestinal surgery; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; Gut microbiota; Health aspects; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Hindgut; Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology; Inflammation; Internal Medicine; Intestinal microflora; Management; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Metformin; Metformin - pharmacology; Methods; Microbiota; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Microorganisms; Obesity; Obesity - pathology; original-article; Patient outcomes; Prevention; Public Health; Rats; Rats, Zucker; Risk factors; Rodents; Taxonomy; Type 2 diabetes; Weight control; Weight Loss; Weight reduction; United States; United States > US
• ISSN: 0307-0565; 1476-5497
• DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.224

Background/Objectives: The combination of energy dense diets and reduced energy expenditure in modern society has escalated the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. Among these disease states, type-2 diabetics (T2D) are disproportionately associated with obesity, suggesting a shared etiology. In conjunction with defects in hormonal and inflammatory states, obesity and T2D are also characterized by dysbiosis. Methods: We have recently described the beneficial effects of duodenal nutrient exclusion, as induced by the duodenal endoluminal sleeve (DES); including body weight loss, prevented fat mass accumulation, and improved glucose tolerance in the ZDF rat, a rodent model of obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D). To assess the relative role of DES on hindgut microbiota in the context of these metabolic changes, we analyzed cecal samples from rats implanted with a duodenal endoluminal sleeve (DES), or a sham control of this procedure. A group of pair-fed (pf) sham controls was also included to account for changes induced by reduced body weight and food intake. Results: Analysis of hindgut microbiota following DES in the ZDF rat elucidated discrete changes in several microbial populations including a reduction in Paraprevotella family members of the Clostridiales order along with an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and species of the Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium genera. Conclusions: Altogether, these observations suggest that like Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and Metformin, regulation of gut microbiota may be a contributing factor to the therapeutic effects of DES.