A Genetic algorithm aided hyper parameter optimization based ensemble model for respiratory disease prediction with Explainable AI

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 19; no. 12; p. e0308015
• Main Authors: Kaur, Balraj Preet, Singh, Harpreet, Hans, Rahul, Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar, Sharma, Chetna, Hassan, Md. Mehedi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 02.12.2024; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Analysis; Artificial intelligence; Biology and Life Sciences; Care and treatment; Computer and Information Sciences; COVID-19; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 - virology; Design optimization; Diagnosis; Evaluation; Explainable artificial intelligence; Genetic algorithms; Humans; Learning algorithms; Lung diseases; Machine Learning; Mathematical optimization; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mexico; Mortality; Pandemics; Parameters; Performance assessment; Physical Sciences; Predictions; Research and Analysis Methods; Respiratory diseases; Respiratory tract diseases; SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification; Social Sciences; Mexico; India
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308015

In the current era, a lot of research is being done in the domain of disease diagnosis using machine learning. In recent times, one of the deadliest respiratory diseases, COVID-19, which causes serious damage to the lungs has claimed a lot of lives globally. Machine learning-based systems can assist clinicians in the early diagnosis of the disease, which can reduce the deadly effects of the disease. For the successful deployment of these machine learning-based systems, hyperparameter-based optimization and feature selection are important issues. Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. Moreover, to enhance the efficacy of the predictions made by hyperparameter-optimized machine learning models, an ensemble model is proposed using a stacking classifier. Also, explainable AI was incorporated to define the feature importance by making use of Shapely adaptive explanations (SHAP) values. For the experimentation, the publicly accessible Mexico clinical dataset of COVID-19 was used. The results obtained show that the proposed model has superior prediction accuracy in comparison to its counterparts. Moreover, among all the hyperparameter-optimized algorithms, adaboost algorithm outperformed all the other hyperparameter-optimized algorithms. The various performance assessment metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, AUC, and F1-score, were used to assess the results.