The TLR1 gene is associated with higher protection from leprosy in women

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 10; p. e0205234
• Main Authors: Alvarenga Niitsuma, Eyleen Nabyla, Fernandes, Gabriel da Rocha, Lana, Francisco Carlos Félix
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 05.10.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Analysis; Biology and Life Sciences; Biopsy; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Epidemiology; Female; Gender aspects; Gender differences; Gene polymorphism; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genetic polymorphisms; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomes; Genotype; Health risks; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity; Immunity, Innate - genetics; Immunology; Infections; Infectious diseases; Innate immunity; Kinases; Leprosy; Leprosy - genetics; Leprosy - immunology; Leprosy - pathology; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; NOD2 protein; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein - genetics; Oligomerization; People and places; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Proteins; Receptors; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sex differences; Sex Factors; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Skin - pathology; Statistical analysis; Studies; TLR1 protein; Toll-Like Receptor 1 - genetics; Toll-Like Receptor 1 - immunology; Toll-like receptors; Tuberculosis; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Women's health; Womens health; Brazil; India
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205234

Leprosy is an infectious disease with a complex genetic and immunological background. Polymorphisms in genes that encode cytokines and receptors involved in the immune response, such as the Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), may be associated with disease risk. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in innate immunity genes confer susceptibility to leprosy that differs between women and men. In this study, we investigate sex differences in the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TLR1 and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) genes and leprosy susceptibility in 256 clinically classified leprosy patients and 233 control subjects in a Brazilian population. Our results showed no association between the SNP rs8057341 in NOD2 and leprosy in this population. However, the heterozygous genotype of the TLR1 SNP (rs4833095) showed a statistically significant association in women (OR = 0.54, P = 0.02). Our findings suggest that the TLR1 polymorphism was associated with an increased protection from leprosy in women.