Gas-solid reaction based over one-micrometer thick stable perovskite films for efficient solar cells and modules

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 3880 - 11
• Main Authors: Liu, Zonghao, Qiu, Longbin, Juarez-Perez, Emilio J., Hawash, Zafer, Kim, Taehoon, Jiang, Yan, Wu, Zhifang, Raga, Sonia R., Ono, Luis K., Liu, Shengzhong (Frank), Qi, Yabing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 24.09.2018; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 147/135; 147/3; 639/301/299/946; 639/4077/4072/4062; Chlorine; Commercialization; Efficiency; Energy conversion efficiency; Gas-solid reactions; Humanities and Social Sciences; Lead; Materials Engineering; Materialteknik; Methylamine; Modules; multidisciplinary; Perovskites; Photovoltaic cells; Reproducibility; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Solar cells; Surface roughness; Thick films; Thickness
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06317-8

Besides high efficiency, the stability and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are also key for their commercialization. Herein, we report a simple perovskite formation method to fabricate perovskite films with thickness over 1 μm in ambient condition on the basis of the fast gas−solid reaction of chlorine-incorporated hydrogen lead triiodide and methylamine gas. The resultant thick and smooth chlorine-incorporated perovskite films exhibit full coverage, improved crystallinity, low surface roughness and low thickness variation. The resultant PSCs achieve an average power conversion efficiency of 19.1 ± 0.4% with good reproducibility. Meanwhile, this method enables an active area efficiency of 15.3% for 5 cm × 5 cm solar modules. The un-encapsulated PSCs exhibit an excellent T 80 lifetime exceeding 1600 h under continuous operation conditions in dry nitrogen environment. Perovskite solar cells often suffer from poor uniformity and reproducibility especially in case of large area devices. Here Liu et al. developed a gas−solid reaction method that enables facile fabrication of over 1 µm thick perovskite films for solar modules with high efficiency, stability and reproducibility.