Restrictive spirometric pattern in the general adult population: Methods of defining the condition and consequences on prevalence

• Published in: Respiratory medicine Vol. 120; pp. 116 - 123
• Main Authors: Backman, Helena, Eriksson, Berne, Hedman, Linnea, Stridsman, Caroline, Jansson, Sven-Arne, Sovijärvi, Anssi, Lindberg, Anne, Rönmark, Eva, Lundbäck, Bo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2016; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina pectoris; Cardiovascular disease; Clinical Medicine; Confidence intervals; Diabetes; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume - drug effects; Forced Expiratory Volume - physiology; General population; Health risk assessment; Health Science; Heart failure; Humans; Hypertension; Hälsovetenskap; Interviews; Klinisk medicin; Lung diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Neuromuscular diseases; Nursing; Obesity; Omvårdnad; Population; Prevalence; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - drug therapy; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - epidemiology; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - physiopathology; Pulmonary fibrosis; Pulmonary/Respiratory; Questionnaires; Reference Standards; Reference Values; Respiratory Function Tests - methods; Restriction; Rheumatic diseases; Risk factor; Risk Factors; Spirometry; Spirometry - methods; Spirometry - trends; Studies; Sweden - epidemiology; Task forces; Total Lung Capacity - physiology; Values; Vital Capacity - drug effects; Vital Capacity - physiology; ANE, Sweden; ATS; Spirometry; Prevalence; OR; IHD; GLI; CI; ERS; OLIN; General population; Post-BD; TLC; GA2LEN; RSP; LLN; Restriction; FVC; Pre-BD; Risk factor; BOLD; FEV1; NHANES; BMI; Global Lung Initiative; Ischemic Heart Disease; Forced expiratory volume; After bronchodilation; European Respiratory Society; Before bronchodilation; Odds Ratio; Body Mass Index; Forced expiratory volume in one second; Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease; Total Lung Capacity; American Thoracic Society; Lower Limit of Normal; Confidence Interval; Global Allergy and Asthma European Network; Restrictive Spirometric Pattern; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden
• ISSN: 0954-6111; 1532-3064; 1532-3064
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.10.005

Attempts have been made to use dynamic spirometry to define restrictive lung function, but the definition of a restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) varies between studies such as BOLD and NHANES. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of RSP among adults in northern Sweden based on different definitions. In 2008–2009 a general population sample aged 21–86y within the obstructive lung disease in northern Sweden (OLIN) studies was examined by structured interview and spirometry, and 726 subjects participated (71% of invited). The prevalence of RSP was calculated according to three different definitions based on pre-as well as post-bronchodilator spirometry: 1) FVC < 80% & FEV1/FVC > 0.7 2) FVC < 80% & FEV1/FVC > LLN 3) FVC < LLN & FEV1/FVC > LLN The three definitions yielded RSP prevalence estimates of 10.5%, 11.2% and 9.4% respectively, when based on pre-bronchodilator values. The prevalence was lower when based on post-bronchodilator values, i.e. 7.3%, 7.9% and 6.6%. According to definition 1 and 2, the RSP prevalence increased by age, but not according to definition 3. The overlap between the definitions was substantial. When corrected for confounding factors, manual work in industry and diabetes with obesity were independently associated with an increased risk for RSP regardless of definition. The prevalence of RSP was 7–11%. The prevalence estimates differed more depending on the choice of pre- compared to post-bronchodilator values than on the choice of RSP definition. RSP was, regardless of definition, independently associated with manual work in industry and diabetes with obesity. •Restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) is common.•The prevalence estimates differ depending on the choice between pre- compared to post-bronchodilator spirometry.•The choice of reference values also affected the prevalence.•When based on dynamic spirometry, the LLN definition should be preferred over the fixed ratio definition.•The results put emphasis on the use of post-bronchodilator spirometry when defining RSP.