Trained immunity, tolerance, priming and differentiation: distinct immunological processes

• Published in: Nature immunology Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 2 - 6
• Main Authors: Divangahi, Maziar, Aaby, Peter, Khader, Shabaana Abdul, Barreiro, Luis B., Bekkering, Siroon, Chavakis, Triantafyllos, van Crevel, Reinout, Curtis, Nigel, DiNardo, Andrew R., Dominguez-Andres, Jorge, Duivenvoorden, Raphael, Fanucchi, Stephanie, Fayad, Zahi, Fuchs, Elaine, Hamon, Melanie, Jeffrey, Kate L., Khan, Nargis, Joosten, Leo A. B., Kaufmann, Eva, Latz, Eicke, Matarese, Giuseppe, van der Meer, Jos W. M., Mhlanga, Musa, Moorlag, Simone J. C. F. M., Mulder, Willem J. M., Naik, Shruti, Novakovic, Boris, O’Neill, Luke, Ochando, Jordi, Ozato, Keiko, Riksen, Niels P., Sauerwein, Robert, Sherwood, Edward R., Schlitzer, Andreas, Schultze, Joachim L., Sieweke, Michael H., Benn, Christine Stabell, Stunnenberg, Henk, Sun, Joseph, van de Veerdonk, Frank L., Weis, Sebastian, Williams, David L., Xavier, Ramnik, Netea, Mihai G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.01.2021; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/250; 692/420; Adaptive Immunity; Adaptive Immunity - immunology; Animals; BCG Vaccine; BCG Vaccine - immunology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Bone marrow; Cell Differentiation; Comment; Cytokines; Epigenetics; Genes; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Immune Tolerance; Immune Tolerance - immunology; Immunity; Immunity, Innate; Immunity, Innate - immunology; Immunologic Memory; Immunologic Memory - immunology; Immunological tolerance; Immunology; Infections; Infectious Diseases; Life Sciences; Observations; Pathogens; Physiological research; Sepsis; Tuberculosis; Vaccination; Vaccines; Canada
• ISSN: 1529-2908; 1529-2916; 1529-2916
• DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00845-6

The similarities and differences between trained immunity and other immune processes are the subject of intense interrogation. Therefore, a consensus on the definition of trained immunity in both in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as in experimental models and human subjects, is necessary for advancing this field of research. Here we aim to establish a common framework that describes the experimental standards for defining trained immunity.