Fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of 11-year-old children in ten European countries – the PRO GREENS cross-sectional survey

• Published in: Public health nutrition Vol. 17; no. 11; pp. 2436 - 2444
• Main Authors: Lynch, Christel, Kristjansdottir, Asa Gudrun, te Velde, Saskia J, Lien, Nanna, Roos, Eva, Thorsdottir, Inga, Krawinkel, Michael, de Almeida, Maria Daniel Vaz, Papadaki, Angeliki, Hlastan Ribic, Cirila, Petrova, Stefka, Ehrenblad, Bettina, Halldorsson, Thorhallur I, Poortvliet, Eric, Yngve, Agneta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.11.2014
• Subjects: Age groups; boys; Bulgaria; Cancer research; Child; Children; Cross-Sectional Studies; Culinary Arts and Meal Science; Diet; Dietary guidelines; Europe; Female; Finland; Fruit; fruit consumption; fruit juices; Fruits; gender; girls; green leafy vegetables; Handbooks; HOT TOPIC – The WHO)s 2004 global strategy on diet, physical activity, and health: status and renewal of effort; Humans; Iceland; Intervention; Male; Medical research; Mental Recall; Måltidskunskap; Nutrition; Nutrition Policy; Näringslära; Polls & surveys; Portion Size; Questionnaires; Research centers; Salads; school children; Schools; Slovenia; surveys; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweden; vegetable consumption; Vegetables; White People; World Health Organization; Europe; Greece; Sweden; Netherlands; Norway; Finland; Slovenia; Bulgaria; Portugal; Iceland; Germany; Europe; Fruit and vegetable consumption; Children
• ISSN: 1368-9800; 1475-2727; 1475-2727
• DOI: 10.1017/S1368980014001347

To describe fruit and vegetable intake of 11-year-old children in ten European countries and compare it with current dietary guidelines. Cross-sectional survey. Intake was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire containing a pre-coded 24 h recall and an FFQ which were completed in the classroom. Portion sizes were calculated using a standardized protocol. Surveys were performed in schools regionally selected in eight countries and nationally representative in two countries. A total of 8158 children from 236 schools across Europe participating in the PRO GREENS project. The total mean consumption of fruit and vegetables was between 220 and 345 g/d in the ten participating countries. Mean intakes did not reach the WHO population goal of ≥400 g/d in any of the participating countries. Girls had a significantly higher intake of total fruit and vegetables than boys in five of the countries (Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Bulgaria and Slovenia). Mean total fruit intake ranged between 114 and 240 g/d and vegetable intake between 73 and 141 g/d. When using the level ≥400 g/d as a cut-off, only 23·5 % (13·8-37·0 %) of the studied children, depending on country and gender, met the WHO recommendation (fruit juice excluded). Fruit and vegetable consumption was below recommended levels among the schoolchildren in all countries and vegetable intake was lower than fruit intake. The survey shows that there is a need for promotional activities to improve fruit and vegetable consumption in this age group.