Effect of salt on the H-bond symmetrization in ice

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 112; no. 27; pp. 8216 - 8220
• Main Authors: Bove, Livia Eleonora, Richard Gaal, Zamaan Raza, Adriaan-Alexander Ludl, Stefan Klotz, Antonino Marco Saitta, Alexander F. Goncharov, Philippe Gillet
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 07.07.2015; National Acad Sciences
• Subjects: Accretion; Astrophysics; extreme conditions; H-bond symmetrization; hydrogen bonding; Hydrogen bonds; Ice; ice bodies; Physical Sciences; Plasma physics; proton quantum effects; Protons; Raman spectroscopy; Salt; salt concentration; Salts; salty ices; Star & galaxy formation; H-bond symmetrization; salty ices; extreme conditions; proton quantum effects; ice bodies
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502438112

The richness of the phase diagram of water reduces drastically at very high pressures where only two molecular phases, proton-disordered ice VII and proton-ordered ice VIII, are known. Both phases transform to the centered hydrogen bond atomic phase ice X above about 60 GPa, i.e., at pressures experienced in the interior of large ice bodies in the universe, such as Saturn and Neptune, where nonmolecular ice is thought to be the most abundant phase of water. In this work, we investigate, by Raman spectroscopy up to megabar pressures and ab initio simulations, how the transformation of ice VII in ice X is affected by the presence of salt inclusions in the ice lattice. Considerable amounts of salt can be included in ice VII structure under pressure via rock–ice interaction at depth and processes occurring during planetary accretion. Our study reveals that the presence of salt hinders proton order and hydrogen bond symmetrization, and pushes ice VII to ice X transformation to higher and higher pressures as the concentration of salt is increased.