氮肥对不同耐低氮性玉米品种干物质及氮素积累与分配的影响

选用前期筛选出的玉米耐低氮品种正红311和低氮敏感品种先玉508为试验材料,采用裂区试验在6个氮水平下研究不同耐低氮性玉米品种的生长发育、干物质及氮素积累与分配差异。结果表明：正红311各阶段干物质及氮素积累量和积累速率、各时期茎鞘和叶片干物质及氮素分配比例均高于先玉508,而先玉508雌穗干物质及氮素分配比例更高。与先玉508相比,正红311提高了各主要生育时期叶片干物质及氮素积累量与分配比例,降低了雌穗干物质及氮素积累量与分配比例。正红311营养器官较高的干物质及氮素积累与分配比例有利于其保持较高的养分吸收和干物质生产能力,延缓叶片的衰老和延长高光合速率使其产量显著高于先玉508。施氮可显...

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Published in浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） Vol. 41; no. 5; pp. 527 - 536
Main Author 李强 马晓君 程秋博 豆攀 余东海 罗延宏 袁继超 孔凡磊
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川农业大学农学院,成都,611130%眉山市东坡区农业技术推广站,四川眉山,620032%四川省烟草公司宜宾市公司烟叶生产技术推广应用中心,四川宜宾,644002 2015
Subjects
干物质
氮肥
玉米
积累与分配
干物质
玉米
accumulation and allocation
nitrogen fertilizer
氮肥
dry matter
maize
积累与分配
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ISSN1008-9209
DOI10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.05.151

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Summary:选用前期筛选出的玉米耐低氮品种正红311和低氮敏感品种先玉508为试验材料,采用裂区试验在6个氮水平下研究不同耐低氮性玉米品种的生长发育、干物质及氮素积累与分配差异。结果表明：正红311各阶段干物质及氮素积累量和积累速率、各时期茎鞘和叶片干物质及氮素分配比例均高于先玉508,而先玉508雌穗干物质及氮素分配比例更高。与先玉508相比,正红311提高了各主要生育时期叶片干物质及氮素积累量与分配比例,降低了雌穗干物质及氮素积累量与分配比例。正红311营养器官较高的干物质及氮素积累与分配比例有利于其保持较高的养分吸收和干物质生产能力,延缓叶片的衰老和延长高光合速率使其产量显著高于先玉508。施氮可显著提高玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积、干物质积累、氮素吸收、产量及产量构成,而对干物质和氮素在各器官的分配比例影响较小。过量施氮不仅不利于玉米生长发育,还会使玉米收获指数显著降低,从而不利于产量的提高。正红311施氮量在180kg/hm2时产量最佳,而先玉508需要氮肥360kg/hm2才能充分发挥其产量潜力。因此对于耐低氮品种正红311可适当降低施氮量或在土壤贫瘠的丘陵山区种植以充分发挥其低氮条件下的产量优势,而低氮敏感品种先玉508则应适当增加施氮量或种植在肥沃土壤的地区以保证其高产稳产。
Bibliography:33-1247/S
nitrogen fertilizer; maize; dry matter; accumulation and allocation
Nitrogen is a major limiting factor on plant growth and yield formation,and a moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizers can increase crop yields every year.The tolerance to low N-fertilized level is different among maize cultivars,meanwhile the response of different maize cultivars are also significantly different under different N-fertilized levels.What＇s more,different maize cultivars have significant difference in the dry matter production and nitrogen utilization efficiency.Related researches indicate that dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars were remarkable higher than that of low nitrogen sensitive maize cultivars,besides,low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars had larger green leaf areas to increase the nitrogen absorption in the late growth stage,and the difference of those in two types maize cultivars is mainly performed after the silking stage.A split plot experiment using the screened ma
ISSN:1008-9209
DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.05.151