The antibiotic resistome and microbiota landscape of refugees from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan in Germany

• Published in: Microbiome Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 37 - 11
• Main Authors: Häsler, Robert, Kautz, Christian, Rehman, Ateequr, Podschun, Rainer, Gassling, Volker, Brzoska, Pius, Sherlock, Jon, Gräsner, Jan-Thorsten, Hoppenstedt, Gesine, Schubert, Sabine, Ferlinz, Astrid, Lieb, Wolfgang, Laudes, Matthias, Heinsen, Femke-Anouska, Scholz, Jens, Harmsen, Dag, Franke, Andre, Eisend, Swantje, Kunze, Thomas, Fickenscher, Helmut, Ott, Stephan, Rosenstiel, Philip, Schreiber, Stefan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 20.02.2018; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Afghanistan; Analysis; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Bacteria; Bacteria - drug effects; Bacteria - genetics; Bacteria - isolation & purification; Biobanks; Bioinformatics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Drug resistance; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - genetics; Fecal microflora; Feces; Feces - microbiology; Genes; Germany; Health care; Hospital costs; Human; Humans; Iraq; Laboratories; Medical Microbiology; Microbial Ecology; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Microbiota; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Microbiota - drug effects; Microbiota - genetics; Migration; Multidrug resistance; Multidrug resistant organisms; Pathogens; Public health; Refugees; Refugees - statistics & numerical data; Registration; Resistome; Ribosomal RNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; rRNA 16S; Staphylococcus infections; Syria; Virology; Afghanistan; Iraq; Germany; Syria; United States > US; Europe; Human; Resistome; Refugees; Antibiotic resistance
• ISSN: 2049-2618; 2049-2618
• DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0414-7

Background Multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a substantial global burden for human health, potentially fuelled by migration waves: in 2015, 476,649 refugees applied for asylum in Germany mostly as a result of the Syrian crisis. In Arabic countries, multiresistant bacteria cause significant problems for healthcare systems. Currently, no data exist describing antibiotic resistances in healthy refugees. Here, we assess the microbial landscape and presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in refugees and German controls. To achieve this, a systematic study was conducted in 500 consecutive refugees, mainly from Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan and 100 German controls. Stool samples were subjected to PCR-based quantification of 42 most relevant ARGs, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing-based microbiota analysis, and culture-based validation of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Results The fecal microbiota of refugees is substantially different from that of resident Germans. Three categories of resistance profiles were found: (i) ARGs independent of geographic origin of individuals comprising BIL/LAT/CMA, ErmB, and mefE; (ii) vanB with a high prevalence in Germany; and (iii) ARGs showing substantially increased prevalences in refugees comprising CTX-M group 1, SHV, vanC1, OXA-1, and QnrB. The majority of refugees carried five or more ARGs while the majority of German controls carried three or less ARGs, although the observed ARGs occurred independent of signatures of potential pathogens. Conclusions Our results, for the first time, assess antibiotic resistance genes in refugees and demonstrate a substantially increased prevalence for most resistances compared to German controls. The antibiotic resistome in refugees may thus require particular attention in the healthcare system of host countries.