Covalent-supramolecular hybrid polymers as muscle-inspired anisotropic actuators
Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long...
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| Published in | Nature communications Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 2395 - 11 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
19.06.2018
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2041-1723 2041-1723 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41467-018-04800-w |
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| Abstract | Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long supramolecular nanofibers are aligned using weak shear forces, followed by radial growth of thermoresponsive polymers from their surfaces. The hierarchically ordered tube exhibits reversible anisotropic actuation with changes in temperature, with much greater contraction perpendicular to the direction of nanofiber alignment. We identify two critical factors for the anisotropic actuation, macroscopic alignment of the supramolecular scaffold and its covalent bonding to polymer chains. Using finite element analysis and molecular calculations, we conclude polymer chain confinement and mechanical reinforcement by rigid supramolecular nanofibers are responsible for the anisotropic actuation. The work reported suggests strategies to create soft active matter with molecularly encoded capacity to perform complex tasks.
Skeletal muscles are impressive as they can achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here the authors show a bottom-up design of macroscopic hydrogel tubes containing supramolecular nanofibers that can undergo anisotropic actuation by thermal stimuli. |
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| AbstractList | Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long supramolecular nanofibers are aligned using weak shear forces, followed by radial growth of thermoresponsive polymers from their surfaces. The hierarchically ordered tube exhibits reversible anisotropic actuation with changes in temperature, with much greater contraction perpendicular to the direction of nanofiber alignment. We identify two critical factors for the anisotropic actuation, macroscopic alignment of the supramolecular scaffold and its covalent bonding to polymer chains. Using finite element analysis and molecular calculations, we conclude polymer chain confinement and mechanical reinforcement by rigid supramolecular nanofibers are responsible for the anisotropic actuation. The work reported suggests strategies to create soft active matter with molecularly encoded capacity to perform complex tasks. Skeletal muscles are impressive as they can achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here the authors show a bottom-up design of macroscopic hydrogel tubes containing supramolecular nanofibers that can undergo anisotropic actuation by thermal stimuli. Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long supramolecular nanofibers are aligned using weak shear forces, followed by radial growth of thermoresponsive polymers from their surfaces. The hierarchically ordered tube exhibits reversible anisotropic actuation with changes in temperature, with much greater contraction perpendicular to the direction of nanofiber alignment. We identify two critical factors for the anisotropic actuation, macroscopic alignment of the supramolecular scaffold and its covalent bonding to polymer chains. Using finite element analysis and molecular calculations, we conclude polymer chain confinement and mechanical reinforcement by rigid supramolecular nanofibers are responsible for the anisotropic actuation. The work reported suggests strategies to create soft active matter with molecularly encoded capacity to perform complex tasks.Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long supramolecular nanofibers are aligned using weak shear forces, followed by radial growth of thermoresponsive polymers from their surfaces. The hierarchically ordered tube exhibits reversible anisotropic actuation with changes in temperature, with much greater contraction perpendicular to the direction of nanofiber alignment. We identify two critical factors for the anisotropic actuation, macroscopic alignment of the supramolecular scaffold and its covalent bonding to polymer chains. Using finite element analysis and molecular calculations, we conclude polymer chain confinement and mechanical reinforcement by rigid supramolecular nanofibers are responsible for the anisotropic actuation. The work reported suggests strategies to create soft active matter with molecularly encoded capacity to perform complex tasks. Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long supramolecular nanofibers are aligned using weak shear forces, followed by radial growth of thermoresponsive polymers from their surfaces. The hierarchically ordered tube exhibits reversible anisotropic actuation with changes in temperature, with much greater contraction perpendicular to the direction of nanofiber alignment. We identify two critical factors for the anisotropic actuation, macroscopic alignment of the supramolecular scaffold and its covalent bonding to polymer chains. Using finite element analysis and molecular calculations, we conclude polymer chain confinement and mechanical reinforcement by rigid supramolecular nanofibers are responsible for the anisotropic actuation. The work reported suggests strategies to create soft active matter with molecularly encoded capacity to perform complex tasks. Skeletal muscles are impressive as they can achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here the authors show a bottom-up design of macroscopic hydrogel tubes containing supramolecular nanofibers that can undergo anisotropic actuation by thermal stimuli. Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long supramolecular nanofibers are aligned using weak shear forces, followed by radial growth of thermoresponsive polymers from their surfaces. The hierarchically ordered tube exhibits reversible anisotropic actuation with changes in temperature, with much greater contraction perpendicular to the direction of nanofiber alignment. We identify two critical factors for the anisotropic actuation, macroscopic alignment of the supramolecular scaffold and its covalent bonding to polymer chains. Using finite element analysis and molecular calculations, we conclude polymer chain confinement and mechanical reinforcement by rigid supramolecular nanofibers are responsible for the anisotropic actuation. The work reported suggests strategies to create soft active matter with molecularly encoded capacity to perform complex tasks. Skeletal muscles are impressive as they can achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here the authors show a bottom-up design of macroscopic hydrogel tubes containing supramolecular nanofibers that can undergo anisotropic actuation by thermal stimuli. |
| ArticleNumber | 2395 |
| Author | Fyrner, Timmy Álvarez, Zaida Olvera de la Cruz, Monica Palmer, Liam C. Szleifer, Igal Edelbrock, Alexandra N. Liu, Shuangping Sather, Nicholas A. Chin, Stacey M. Stupp, Samuel I. Synatschke, Christopher V. Wang, Qifeng Nap, Rikkert J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Stacey M. orcidid: 0000-0002-2909-6080 surname: Chin fullname: Chin, Stacey M. organization: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University – sequence: 2 givenname: Christopher V. orcidid: 0000-0002-4259-6696 surname: Synatschke fullname: Synatschke, Christopher V. organization: Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University – sequence: 3 givenname: Shuangping surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Shuangping organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University – sequence: 4 givenname: Rikkert J. surname: Nap fullname: Nap, Rikkert J. organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University – sequence: 5 givenname: Nicholas A. surname: Sather fullname: Sather, Nicholas A. organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University – sequence: 6 givenname: Qifeng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Qifeng organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University – sequence: 7 givenname: Zaida surname: Álvarez fullname: Álvarez, Zaida organization: Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University – sequence: 8 givenname: Alexandra N. orcidid: 0000-0003-3172-977X surname: Edelbrock fullname: Edelbrock, Alexandra N. organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University – sequence: 9 givenname: Timmy orcidid: 0000-0003-2119-9883 surname: Fyrner fullname: Fyrner, Timmy organization: Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University – sequence: 10 givenname: Liam C. orcidid: 0000-0003-0804-1168 surname: Palmer fullname: Palmer, Liam C. organization: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University – sequence: 11 givenname: Igal surname: Szleifer fullname: Szleifer, Igal organization: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University – sequence: 12 givenname: Monica surname: Olvera de la Cruz fullname: Olvera de la Cruz, Monica organization: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University – sequence: 13 givenname: Samuel I. orcidid: 0000-0002-5491-7442 surname: Stupp fullname: Stupp, Samuel I. email: s-stupp@northwestern.edu organization: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29921928$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1454345$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| Snippet | Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of... Skeletal muscles are impressive as they can achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here the authors show a bottom-up design of... |
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| SubjectTerms | 639/301/923/1028 639/301/923/966 Actuation Algorithms Alignment Anisotropy BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biomechanical Phenomena Chains (polymeric) Coding Composite materials Contraction Finite element method GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS High temperature Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Hydrogels Hydrogels - chemistry INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MATERIALS SCIENCE Mathematical analysis Molecular chains multidisciplinary Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Muscles Musculoskeletal system Nanofibers Nanofibers - chemistry Nanofibers - ultrastructure NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Peptides Polymerization Polymers Polymers - chemistry Science Science (multidisciplinary) Self-assembly Skeletal muscle Task complexity Temperature Thermodynamics Tubes |
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| Title | Covalent-supramolecular hybrid polymers as muscle-inspired anisotropic actuators |
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