Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model

• Published in: Molecular psychiatry Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 530 - 543
• Main Authors: Price, Rebecca B., Duman, Ronald
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2020; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 59/36; 631/378; 631/477; Animal models; Animals; Anxiety; Atrophy; Behavior; Behavioral Sciences; Biological Psychology; Brain - physiopathology; Brain research; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Clinical psychology; Cognition - physiology; Cognition Disorders - physiopathology; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology; Depression - physiopathology; Depression, Mental; Depressive Disorder - physiopathology; Emotions; Executive function; Functional morphology; Functional plasticity; Gene expression; Hippocampus - physiopathology; Humans; Information processing; Ketamine; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Medicine, Experimental; Memory; Memory - physiology; Mental depression; Nerve Net - physiopathology; Nervous system; Neural networks; Neuroimaging; Neuronal Plasticity - physiology; Neurons; Neurophysiology; Neuroplasticity; Neurosciences; Pharmacotherapy; Prefrontal cortex; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology; Psychiatry; Review Article; Stress; Stress (Psychology); Stress, Psychological - psychology; Synaptic plasticity
• ISSN: 1359-4184; 1476-5578; 1476-5578
• DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0615-x

Chronic stress and depressive-like behaviors in basic neuroscience research have been associated with impairments of neuroplasticity, such as neuronal atrophy and synaptic loss in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. The current review presents a novel integrative model of neuroplasticity as a multi-domain neurobiological, cognitive, and psychological construct relevant in depression and other related disorders of negative affect (e.g., anxiety). We delineate a working conceptual model in which synaptic plasticity deficits described in animal models are integrated and conceptually linked with human patient findings from cognitive science and clinical psychology. We review relevant reports including neuroimaging findings (e.g., decreased functional connectivity in prefrontal-limbic circuits), cognitive deficits (e.g., executive function and memory impairments), affective information processing patterns (e.g., rigid, negative biases in attention, memory, interpretations, and self-associations), and patient-reported symptoms (perseverative, inflexible thought patterns; inflexible and maladaptive behaviors). Finally, we incorporate discussion of integrative research methods capable of building additional direct empirical support, including using rapid-acting treatments (e.g., ketamine) as a means to test this integrative model by attempting to simultaneously reverse these deficits across levels of analysis.