人类免疫缺陷病毒暴露前预防的应用与挑战
抗病毒治疗不仅将HIV感染从一个致死性疾病转变为一种可以治疗的慢性疾病,同时减少了HIV在人群间的传播,近年来“治疗即是预防”的观念已被人们所认可。随着研究的深入,人们发现HIV暴露前预防(PrEP)能有效减少HIV在高危人群间的传播。临床试验显示PrEP是安全的,可以有效预防HIV感染。目前,欧美国家及WHO指南均推荐对男男性行为者、感染HIV高风险的异性性行为者、HIV单阳伴侣中的HIV阴性者以及静脉吸毒者等高危人群进行PrEP。推荐使用的药物和方法是每日口服替诺福韦和恩曲他滨合剂,部分人群也可使用替诺福韦。PrEP应结合其他预防措施如安全套使用、静脉吸毒的处理以及抗病毒治疗来进一步降低H...
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Published in | 浙江大学学报(医学版) Vol. 45; no. 3; pp. 221 - 227 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Chinese |
Published |
上海市公共卫生临床中心感染一科,上海,201508%上海市公共卫生临床中心感染一科,上海201508
2016
复旦大学附属华山医院感染病科,上海200040 |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1008-9292 |
DOI | 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2016.05.01 |
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Summary: | 抗病毒治疗不仅将HIV感染从一个致死性疾病转变为一种可以治疗的慢性疾病,同时减少了HIV在人群间的传播,近年来“治疗即是预防”的观念已被人们所认可。随着研究的深入,人们发现HIV暴露前预防(PrEP)能有效减少HIV在高危人群间的传播。临床试验显示PrEP是安全的,可以有效预防HIV感染。目前,欧美国家及WHO指南均推荐对男男性行为者、感染HIV高风险的异性性行为者、HIV单阳伴侣中的HIV阴性者以及静脉吸毒者等高危人群进行PrEP。推荐使用的药物和方法是每日口服替诺福韦和恩曲他滨合剂,部分人群也可使用替诺福韦。PrEP应结合其他预防措施如安全套使用、静脉吸毒的处理以及抗病毒治疗来进一步降低HIV感染的风险。目前,PrEP面临的主要挑战是伦理学、药物可及性、服药依从性以及使用率等问题,应该针对高危人群大力推行PrEP,让更多的人群受益减少HIV感染。 |
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Bibliography: | 33-1248/R Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/prevention & control; Flucytosine/ therapeutic use; Flucytosine/analogs & derivatives; Adenine/therapeutic use; Adenine/ analogs & derivatives ;Antiviral agents/therapeutic use ;Review SHEN Yinzhong1, LU Hongzhou1,2 (1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China; 2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China) Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can not only turn HIV infection from a fatal disease into a treatable chronic disease, but also reduce HIV transmission among high- risk people. In recent years the concept "treatment as prevention" has been accepted by the public. More and more studies have shown that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP) for HIV can effectively reduce the spreading of HIV in high-risk populations. Clinical trials have also shown that PrEP is safe, and can effectively prevent high-risk people from HIV infection. The guidelines of Europe, the United Sta |
ISSN: | 1008-9292 |
DOI: | 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2016.05.01 |