Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on cerebral activity: An fMRI investigation

• Published in: Complementary therapies in medicine Vol. 26; no. NA; pp. 33 - 39
• Main Authors: Kobayashi, S., Koitabashi, K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Scotland Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2016; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adult; Autogenic Training; Bands; Brain; Brain activity; Cerebral Cortex - physiology; Conflicts of interest; fMRI; Humans; Internal Medicine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical Education; Medical imaging; Muscle Relaxation - physiology; Musical performances; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Progressive muscle relaxation; Young Adult; fMRI; Brain activity; Progressive muscle relaxation
• ISSN: 0965-2299; 1873-6963
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.02.010

•Brain activity changes occurred in PMR and control sessions.•Unlike control sessions, PMR may suppress brain activity in specific regions.•Novices at PMR may be able to induce a brain state appropriate for relaxation. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is one of the self-management relaxation techniques that can be used in the general population and patients with specific issues. However, no study to date has revealed the brain activity associated with PMR. Therefore, we assessed the changes in brain activity induced by PMR using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We conducted an intervention study with PMR and control sessions. The subjects were twelve healthy adult men who had no prior experience of PMR. Subjects performed a control session in which muscles were repeatedly simply tensed and relaxed. Subsequently, a PMR session took place, during which muscle tension was reduced through a systematic procedure of tensing and relaxing of muscle groups combined with structured breathing. We identified and visualised brain activity based on individual and group-level analysis of fMRI data. Eleven subjects’ data were analysed. In the control session, brain activity broadly changed, while the change was limited to specific parts of the cerebral cortex and limbic system in the PMR session. PMR gradually decreased activity in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). In a region of interest (ROI) analysis, interactions between sessions were observed in the putamen, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), postcentral gyrus (PCG), and insula. That PMR led to few areas showing changed activity suggests that the technique may suppress brain activity. Even novices may be able to induce such a focused mental state.