Absorption and Tissue Distribution of Siphonaxanthin from Green Algae

• Published in: Marine drugs Vol. 18; no. 6; p. 291
• Main Authors: Li, Zhuosi, Zheng, Jiawen, Luo, Xiaolin, Manabe, Yuki, Hirata, Takashi, Sugawara, Tatsuya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.06.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Absorption; Accumulation; Adipose Tissue; Adipose Tissue, White; Algae; Angiogenesis; Animals; Aquatic plants; bioactive properties; Bioavailability; Biological activity; Biological Availability; Biotransformation; Caco-2 Cells; Carotenoids; dehydro-metabolite; Diet; Distribution; Food; Humans; inflammation; Intestine; Intestines; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; liver; Liver - metabolism; Mass spectra; metabolic pathway in vivo; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mice; Obesity; siphonaxanthin; Small intestine; Stomach; Tissue Distribution; white adipose tissue; Xanthophylls - chemistry; Xanthophylls - metabolism; Xanthophylls - pharmacokinetics; siphonaxanthin; metabolic pathway in vivo; white adipose tissue; dehydro-metabolite
• ISSN: 1660-3397; 1660-3397
• DOI: 10.3390/md18060291

Siphonaxanthin has been known to possess inhibitory effects against obesity, inflammation, and angiogenesis. However, little information on its in vivo bioavailability and biotransformation is available. To assess the bioavailability and metabolism of siphonaxanthin, its absorption and accumulation were evaluated using intestinal Caco-2 cells and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Siphonaxanthin was absorbed and exhibited non-uniform accumulation and distribution patterns in tissues of ICR mice. Notably, in addition to siphonaxanthin, three main compounds were detected following dietary administration of siphonaxanthin. Because the compounds showed changes on mass spectra compared with that of siphonaxanthin, they were presumed to be metabolites of siphonaxanthin in ICR mice. Siphonaxanthin mainly accumulated in stomach and small intestine, while putative metabolites of siphonaxanthin mainly accumulated in liver and adipose tissues. Furthermore, siphonaxanthin and its putative metabolites selectively accumulated in white adipose tissue (WAT), especially mesenteric WAT. These results provide useful evidence regarding the in vivo bioactivity of siphonaxanthin. In particular, the results regarding the specific accumulation of siphonaxanthin and its metabolites in WAT have important implications for understanding their anti-obesity effects and regulatory roles in lipid metabolism.