Composite lymphoma of concurrent T zone lymphoma and large cell B cell lymphoma in a dog

• Published in: BMC veterinary research Vol. 15; no. 1; p. 413
• Main Authors: Matsuyama, Arata, Bienzle, Dorothee, Richardson, Danielle, Deravi, Nariman, Hwang, Mei-Hua, Darzentas, Nikos, Keller, Stefan M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 16.11.2019; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Animals; Antigen receptor gene rearrangement; Antigens; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - administration & dosage; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - therapeutic use; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal - administration & dosage; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal - therapeutic use; B-cell lymphoma; Canine; Case Report; cell biology; Chlorambucil - administration & dosage; Chlorambucil - therapeutic use; Clonality; Dog; Dog Diseases - pathology; Dogs; evolution; flow cytometry; genes; Health aspects; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; histopathology; Immunohistochemistry; immunophenotype; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse - complications; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse - pathology; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse - veterinary; Lymphoma, T-Cell - complications; Lymphoma, T-Cell - pathology; Lymphoma, T-Cell - veterinary; Lymphosarcoma; Male; males; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; Oncology; patients; Prednisone - administration & dosage; Prednisone - therapeutic use; Transgenics; Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science; Vincristine; Zoology; Clonality; Antigen receptor gene rearrangement; Composite lymphoma; PARR; Lymphosarcoma; Dog; Lymphoma; Canine
• ISSN: 1746-6148; 1746-6148
• DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2154-8

Background Evolution of indolent to aggressive lymphoma has been described in dogs but is difficult to distinguish from the de novo development of a second, clonally distinct lymphoma. Differentiation of these scenarios can be aided by next generation sequencing (NGS)-based assessment of clonality of lymphocyte antigen receptor genes. Case presentation An 8-year-old male intact Mastiff presented with generalized lymphadenomegaly was diagnosed with nodal T zone lymphoma (TZL) based on cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Thirteen months later, the dog re-presented with progressive lymphadenomegaly, and based on cytology and flow cytometry, a large B cell lymphoma (LBCL) was diagnosed. Sequencing-based clonality testing confirmed the de novo development of a LBCL and the persistence of a TZL. Conclusions The occurrence of two distinct lymphoid neoplasms should be considered if patient features and tumor cytomorphology or immunophenotype differ among sequential samples. Sequencing-based clonality testing may provide conclusive evidence of two concurrent and distinct clonal lymphocyte populations, termed most appropriately “composite lymphoma”.