Physicians’ approach to end of life care: comparison of two tertiary care university hospitals in Lebanon

• Published in: BMC medical education Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 592 - 9
• Main Authors: Dabar, George, Akl, Imad Bou, Sader, Mirella
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 25.11.2021; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Advance directives; Attitude; Attitude of Health Personnel; Attitudes; Beliefs, opinions and attitudes; Decision Making; Developed Nations; Education; Educational attainment; Educational Background; End-of-life decisions; Ethics; Families & family life; Family Attitudes; Gender; Health care; Hospices (Terminal Care); Hospitals; Hospitals, University; Humans; Lebanon; Medical culture; Medical Education; Medical Services; Moral Issues; Palliative care; Palliative treatment; Patients; Physicians; Preferences; Professional ethics; Public opinion; Questionnaires; Role Conflict; Self Efficacy; Statistical Analysis; Terminal Care; Tertiary Healthcare; Theory of Medicine/Bioethics; Lebanon; Terminal care; Medical culture; End-of-life decisions; Physicians; Attitude
• ISSN: 1472-6920; 1472-6920
• DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03022-x

Background The care of terminally ill patients is fraught with ethical and medical dilemmas carried by healthcare professionals. The present study aims to explore the approaches of Lebanese attending physicians towards palliative care, end of life (EOL) care, and patient management in two tertiary care university hospitals with distinct medical culture. Methods Four hundred attending physicians from the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) and Hotel Dieu de France (HDF) were recruited. Participants were Medical Doctors in direct contact with adult patients that could be subject to EOL situations providing relevant demographic, educational, religious as well as personal, medical or patient-centric data. Results The majority of physicians in both establishments were previously exposed to life-limiting decisions but remains uncomfortable with the decision to stop or limit resuscitation. However, physicians with an American training (AUBMC) were significantly more likely to exhibit readiness to initiate and discuss DNR with patients ( p <0.0001). While the paternalistic medicinal approach was prevalent in both groups, physicians with a European training (HDF) more often excluded patient involvement based on family preference ( p <0.0001) or to spare them from a traumatic situation ( p =0.003). The majority of respondents reported that previous directives from the patient were fundamental to life-limiting decisions. However, the influence of patient and medical factors (e.g. culture, religion, life expectancy, age, socioeconomic status) was evidenced in the HDF group. Conclusion Early physician-initiated EOL discussions remain challenged in Lebanon. Paternalistic attitudes limit shared decision making and are most evident in European-trained physicians. Establishing a sound and effective framework providing legal, ethical and religious guidance is thus needed in Lebanon.