Sarcopenia in elderly diabetes

• Published in: Journal of diabetes investigation Vol. 13; no. 6; pp. 944 - 946
• Main Authors: Wen, Chen‐Yu, Lien, Angela Shin‐Yu, Jiang, Yi‐Der
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2022; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Adenosine kinase; Age; Aged; AMP; Atrophy; Clinical trials; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Kinases; Metformin; Muscle Strength; Musculoskeletal system; Na+/glucose cotransporter; Older people; Peptidase; Peptides; Peripheral neuropathy; Protein biosynthesis; Protein kinase; Protein synthesis; Proteins; Rapamycin; Sarcopenia; Sarcopenia - complications; Skeletal muscle; Sulfonylurea; TOR protein; Update; Working groups
• ISSN: 2040-1116; 2040-1124; 2040-1124
• DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13752

Protein synthesis is stimulated by insulin, and impairment in the insulin-associated signaling pathway might lead to reduced muscle anabolism and increased protein catabolism, which contribute to sarcopenia 11. Metformin activates the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which upregulates fatty acid oxidation and reduces intramuscular lipid accumulation. Table 1 Effect of glucose-lowering medications on muscle mass in type 2 diabetes patients Glucose-lowering medications Effect on muscle mass Metformin Inconclusive 14 Thiazolidinedione Inconclusive 15 Sulfonylurea Decreases 14 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors Inconclusive/increases 16,17 Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors Decreases 18,19,20,21 Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Inconclusive 14 Insulin Inconclusive/increases 22,23 Conclusions Sarcopenia represents an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which has been shown to be one of the important comorbidities of diabetes.