电动背负式风送喷雾器设计与作业性能试验
针对作物冠层高大、枝叶茂密的情况,现有的施药机具存在雾滴穿透性能差、药液沉积不均匀、不适合作业条件等问题研制了电动背负式风送喷雾器。利用水敏纸、激光粒径分析仪、高速摄影仪测试了其射程、雾滴粒径、液膜雾化形态。利用液质联用仪测试了使用该喷雾器时农药在作物上的沉积分布,并测试了生物防治效果。结果表明：该喷雾器在有风送的条件下雾滴粒径变大、喷雾角减小、液膜变短,在最大风速下射程提高2倍以上。该喷雾器可以改善农药在作物叶片正背两面分布均匀性,使用TR80-01和TR80-02号喷头时农药利用率较手动喷雾器分别提高了1.38倍和1.14倍,在分别使用TR80-01和TR80-02喷头时用药量比手动喷雾器...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 32; no. 21; pp. 67 - 73 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
中国农业大学理学院,北京,100193
2016
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.21.009 |
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| Abstract | 针对作物冠层高大、枝叶茂密的情况,现有的施药机具存在雾滴穿透性能差、药液沉积不均匀、不适合作业条件等问题研制了电动背负式风送喷雾器。利用水敏纸、激光粒径分析仪、高速摄影仪测试了其射程、雾滴粒径、液膜雾化形态。利用液质联用仪测试了使用该喷雾器时农药在作物上的沉积分布,并测试了生物防治效果。结果表明：该喷雾器在有风送的条件下雾滴粒径变大、喷雾角减小、液膜变短,在最大风速下射程提高2倍以上。该喷雾器可以改善农药在作物叶片正背两面分布均匀性,使用TR80-01和TR80-02号喷头时农药利用率较手动喷雾器分别提高了1.38倍和1.14倍,在分别使用TR80-01和TR80-02喷头时用药量比手动喷雾器减少1/2和1/3的情况下药效没有明显的差异且增加了农药的持效期。该喷雾器可以提高农药的沉积分布均匀性和利用率,实现减量施药。 |
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| AbstractList | S491; 针对作物冠层高大、枝叶茂密的情况，现有的施药机具存在雾滴穿透性能差、药液沉积不均匀、不适合作业条件等问题研制了电动背负式风送喷雾器。利用水敏纸、激光粒径分析仪、高速摄影仪测试了其射程、雾滴粒径、液膜雾化形态。利用液质联用仪测试了使用该喷雾器时农药在作物上的沉积分布，并测试了生物防治效果。结果表明：该喷雾器在有风送的条件下雾滴粒径变大、喷雾角减小、液膜变短，在最大风速下射程提高2倍以上。该喷雾器可以改善农药在作物叶片正背两面分布均匀性，使用TR80-01和TR80-02号喷头时农药利用率较手动喷雾器分别提高了1.38倍和1.14倍，在分别使用TR80-01和TR80-02喷头时用药量比手动喷雾器减少1/2和1/3的情况下药效没有明显的差异且增加了农药的持效期。该喷雾器可以提高农药的沉积分布均匀性和利用率，实现减量施药。 针对作物冠层高大、枝叶茂密的情况,现有的施药机具存在雾滴穿透性能差、药液沉积不均匀、不适合作业条件等问题研制了电动背负式风送喷雾器。利用水敏纸、激光粒径分析仪、高速摄影仪测试了其射程、雾滴粒径、液膜雾化形态。利用液质联用仪测试了使用该喷雾器时农药在作物上的沉积分布,并测试了生物防治效果。结果表明：该喷雾器在有风送的条件下雾滴粒径变大、喷雾角减小、液膜变短,在最大风速下射程提高2倍以上。该喷雾器可以改善农药在作物叶片正背两面分布均匀性,使用TR80-01和TR80-02号喷头时农药利用率较手动喷雾器分别提高了1.38倍和1.14倍,在分别使用TR80-01和TR80-02喷头时用药量比手动喷雾器减少1/2和1/3的情况下药效没有明显的差异且增加了农药的持效期。该喷雾器可以提高农药的沉积分布均匀性和利用率,实现减量施药。 |
| Abstract_FL | The major plant protection equipment in small fields is knapsack sprayer at present in China. When the canopies are tall or dense, the level/electric knapsack sprayers perform very poorly in droplet penetration. Motor knapsack mist sprayer is heavy, noisy and inconvenient to operate. An air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer was developed to improve the spraying efficiency of knapsack sprayer. The key component of the air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer is its atomizer with a motor installed behind the nozzle to drive a five-blade fan. When the motor rotates in a high speed to generate air flow, droplets are pushed to deposit to canopies. At the same time, the air flow blows and reverses leaves, so the droplets can deposit on both sides of leaves. The air-assisted sprayer can adjust its spray pressure from 0.15 to 0.6 MPa and the wind speed near air-flow outlet from 0 to 8 m/s. The atomization of 3 LECHLER hollow cone nozzles (TR80-01, TR80-02, and TR80-03) installed in the air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer was tested under the spraying pressure of 0.3 MPa. Droplet volume medium diameter (VMD) was measured by laser particle size analyzer, spraying angle and spraying sheet length were measured by high-speed photography, and spraying range was measured by water sensitive paper (wsp) under the wind speed of 0, 4, 6 and 8 m/s. ImageJ software was used to analyze the pictures taken by high-speed photography and DepositScan software was used to measure the density of droplets on water sensitive paper. Operating performance of air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer was measured in a tomato greenhouse compared with a conventional level knapsack sprayer. The tomato canopy was divided into 8 areasto determine the amount of pesticide deposition, 2 parts (left and right) from the vertical direction and 4 parts (top, middle upper, middle lower and bottom) from the horizontal direction. The distribution and deposition of the pesticides in tomato canopies were tested by LC-MS. The effect of biological control was also analyzed. The results showed that the droplets VMD increasedwith the increase of wind speed, and the spraying angle and spraying sheet length decreased with the increase of wind speed. Spraying range of the 3 nozzles (TR80-01, TR80-02, and TR80-03) under the wind speed of 8 m/s (the maximum wind) was 2.6, 2.0 and 1.9 times that without air flow. This air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer could increase the pesticides application efficiency and improve the pesticides distribution uniformity on the upper side and underside of leaves. The air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer using TR80-01 and TR80-02 nozzles could increase the application efficiency of pesticides by 1.38 and 1.14 times compared with the conventional level knapsack sprayer respectively. There was no significant difference in the control ofTrialeurodes vaporariorum compared with the conventional level knapsack sprayer; there was also no difference for the air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer when its application dosage reduced by about 1/2 (TR80-01 nozzle) and 1/3 (TR80-02 nozzle) in the first 5 days after spraying, and the control result using air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer was better than that using the traditional level knapsack sprayer on the 7th day. The air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer is more quiet and lighter than engine-driving knapsack mist sprayer, and moreover it is suitable for spraying work in greenhouse because there is no exhaust gas. Different kinds of nozzles can be installed on the air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer according to the requirements of pesticide application. |
| Author | 王士林 宋坚利 何雄奎 李艳杰 凌云 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 中国农业大学理学院,北京100193 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 中国农业大学理学院,北京,100193 |
| Author_FL | Ling Yun Wang Shilin He Xiongkui Song Jianli Li Yanjie |
| Author_FL_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Wang Shilin – sequence: 2 fullname: Song Jianli – sequence: 3 fullname: He Xiongkui – sequence: 4 fullname: Li Yanjie – sequence: 5 fullname: Ling Yun |
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| Keywords | agricultural machinery 减量施药 风送式 droplet spectrum deposition air-assisted 沉积 spraying 喷雾 reduced pesticide 农业机械 雾滴谱 |
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| Notes | 11-2047/S Wang Shilin, Song Jianli, He Xiongkui, Li Yanjie, Ling Yun （College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China） The major plant protection equipment in small fields is knapsack sprayer at present in China. When the canopies are tall or dense, the level/electric knapsack sprayers perform very poorly in droplet penetration. Motor knapsack mist sprayer is heavy, noisy and inconvenient to operate. An air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer was developed to improve the spraying efficiency of knapsack sprayer. The key component of the air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer is its atomizer with a motor installed behind the nozzle to drive a five-blade fan. When the motor rotates in a high speed to generate air flow, droplets are pushed to deposit to canopies. At the same time, the air flow blows and reverses leaves, so the droplets can deposit on both sides of leaves. The air-assisted sprayer can adjust its spray pressure from 0.15 to 0.6 MPa and the wind speed near air-flow outlet from |
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| Snippet | 针对作物冠层高大、枝叶茂密的情况,现有的施药机具存在雾滴穿透性能差、药液沉积不均匀、不适合作业条件等问题研制了电动背负式风送喷雾器。利用水敏纸、激光粒径分析仪、高速摄... S491; 针对作物冠层高大、枝叶茂密的情况，现有的施药机具存在雾滴穿透性能差、药液沉积不均匀、不适合作业条件等问题研制了电动背负式风送喷雾器。利用水敏纸、激光粒径分析... |
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| SubjectTerms | 农业机械 减量施药 喷雾 沉积 雾滴谱 风送式 |
| Title | 电动背负式风送喷雾器设计与作业性能试验 |
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