加气灌溉改善大棚番茄光合特性及干物质积累

为揭示不同加气灌溉参数对作物光合特性及干物质积累的影响规律,以番茄为研究对象,研究了不同土壤加气量与加气深度组合对番茄光合作用、叶绿素含量、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,对番茄根区土壤加气可显著提高叶片叶绿素含量和气孔导度,增强光合作用,增加干物质积累及产量。随加气量的升高,大棚番茄净光合速率总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势。15和40 cm滴管带埋深下,标准加气量（49.4 L/m^2）下2次测定净光合速率平均较不加气处理升高21.4%和65.0%。滴灌带埋深为15 cm时,叶绿素含量、干物质积累量及产量随加气量的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,标准加气量下较不加气处理分别提升38.0%、55.4%和...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in	农业工程学报 Vol. 32; no. 18; pp. 125 - 132
Main Author	李元牛文全吕望古君邹小阳王京伟刘璐张明智许健
Format	Journal Article
Language	Chinese
Published	西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，杨凌 712100 2016 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，杨凌 712100%西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，杨凌 712100 西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，杨凌 712100%西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，杨凌 712100 西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，杨凌 712100%西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，杨凌 712100 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，杨凌 712100 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，杨凌 712100 西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，杨凌 712100
Subjects	光合作用叶绿素土壤地下滴灌干物质积累根区加气灌溉番茄 dry matter accumulation 地下滴灌 chlorophyll content tomato subsurface drip irrigation 土壤灌溉光合作用 irrigation 番茄 photosynthesis 根区加气 root-zone aeration 干物质积累叶绿素 soils
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ISSN	1002-6819
DOI	10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.18.017

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Summary:	为揭示不同加气灌溉参数对作物光合特性及干物质积累的影响规律,以番茄为研究对象,研究了不同土壤加气量与加气深度组合对番茄光合作用、叶绿素含量、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,对番茄根区土壤加气可显著提高叶片叶绿素含量和气孔导度,增强光合作用,增加干物质积累及产量。随加气量的升高,大棚番茄净光合速率总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势。15和40 cm滴管带埋深下,标准加气量（49.4 L/m^2）下2次测定净光合速率平均较不加气处理升高21.4%和65.0%。滴灌带埋深为15 cm时,叶绿素含量、干物质积累量及产量随加气量的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,标准加气量下较不加气处理分别提升38.0%、55.4%和59.0%,滴灌带埋深为40 cm时随加气量的升高呈持续升高趋势,1.5倍标准加气量（74.2 L/m^2）处理较不加气处理分别提升33.7%、36.2%和105.4%。综合考虑,当滴灌带埋深为15 cm时,宜采用标准加气量作为加气标准,而埋深为40 cm时,最佳加气量为1.5倍标准加气量。
Bibliography:	11-2047/S It is well known that most plants＇ roots require an adequate and continuous supply of oxygen in soil to respire, grow, develop, and function normally. Industrial agriculture has developed rapidly but is accompanied by excessive irrigation and fertilization, minimal tillage and agricultural machinery driving over the soil. All these farming activities can result in soil compaction. In compacted soil, the increase in soil bulk density and the accompanying decrease in porosity can hinder the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases between the atmosphere and the soil, thereby causing hypoxic stress in plant roots. In addition to compaction, some natural factors, such as extraordinarily high groundwater table, long-term rainfall and tillage under clay or clay loam conditions, can often lead to soil oxygen content reduced, which limits crop yield and quality improvement. Tomato plants（Solanum lycopersicum） are one of the most vulnerable mesophytes to hypoxia in the root environment. Soil aeratio
ISSN:	1002-6819
DOI:	10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.18.017