氨化秸秆还田加快秸秆分解提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率

为探索一种能够加快秸秆分解速率和促进冬小麦生长的秸秆还田新措施,2011-2014年采用小区试验方法,对比研究了秸秆覆盖（CK1）、秸秆翻压还田（CK2）、长秸秆氨化翻压还田（AS）和粉碎秸秆氨化翻压还田（PAS）4种秸秆还田方式对秸秆分解速率、土壤水分蓄积、冬小麦叶面积指数和地上部干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田210 d后,AS处理秸秆残留量为48.46%,分别较CK1和CK2降低24.31%和13.68%;PAS处理秸秆残留量为41.84%,分别较CK1和CK2降低34.64%和25.46%;且氨化处理加快秸秆分解速率的效果主要体现在冬小麦生长前期。土壤呼吸与秸秆...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 31; no. 19; pp. 103 - 111
Main Author 余坤 冯浩 赵英 董勤各
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，杨凌 712100%西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，杨凌 712100 2015
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，杨凌 712100%西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，杨凌 712100
Subjects
产量
作物
分解
土壤呼吸
氨化
水分利用效率
秸秆
粉碎
秸秆
产量
氨化
作物
水分利用效率
粉碎
decomposition
crops
powder
straw
water use efficiency
土壤呼吸
soils respiration
ammoniation,yield
分解
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ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.19.015

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Summary:为探索一种能够加快秸秆分解速率和促进冬小麦生长的秸秆还田新措施,2011-2014年采用小区试验方法,对比研究了秸秆覆盖（CK1）、秸秆翻压还田（CK2）、长秸秆氨化翻压还田（AS）和粉碎秸秆氨化翻压还田（PAS）4种秸秆还田方式对秸秆分解速率、土壤水分蓄积、冬小麦叶面积指数和地上部干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田210 d后,AS处理秸秆残留量为48.46%,分别较CK1和CK2降低24.31%和13.68%;PAS处理秸秆残留量为41.84%,分别较CK1和CK2降低34.64%和25.46%;且氨化处理加快秸秆分解速率的效果主要体现在冬小麦生长前期。土壤呼吸与秸秆分解速率呈显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.67（P〈0.05）;AS和PAS处理土壤呼吸速率在冬小麦生长前期分别较CK1增加109.66%和170.13%,分别较CK2增加34.55%和73.36%。连续3 a冬小麦生长季,氨化秸秆还田能显著（P〈0.05）提高冬小麦生长后期0~100 cm土壤蓄水量。粉碎并氨化秸秆（PAS）较未氨化秸秆还田（CK1、CK2）能显著（P〈0.05）提高冬小麦拔节期后叶面积指数,促进地上部干物质质量的积累。AS和PAS处理冬小麦3 a平均产量分别较CK1提高6.13%和9.53%,分别较CK2提高3.99%和7.32%;水分利用效率分别较CK1提高5.03%和8.73%,分别较CK2提高5.13%和8.83%。其中,PAS处理3 a平均水分利用效率较AS高。因此,氨化并粉碎秸秆还田（PAS）能有效加快秸秆分解,促进冬小麦生长,提高产量和水分利用效率,对于干旱、半干旱地区改良秸秆还田措施具有重要的实际意义和理论价值。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
Straw is often incorporated into field by covering on soil surface or being plowed into soil in China, which may cause problems such as competition of nutrients between soil microbes and crop because of slow decomposition of straw, and frequent occurrence of pests and diseases when crop straw is applied into soil, thereby negatively affecting the crop yield. An appropriate method may solve the problems above. The objectives of this study were to select an efficient straw incorporation method that could accelerate the decomposition rate of crop straw and promote the growth of winter wheat in semi-arid region of Shaanxi, China. To achieve these goals, a 3-year field experiment was carried out in the year of 2011-2014 at the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Area sponsored by Ministry of Education（34°18′N, 108°04′E）, at Northwest A F University. Using summer maize straw harvested last season, two control treatments were designed including long straw returning by covering soil（
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.19.015