滑推式开沟器设计与作业性能优化试验

针对播种深施肥时,播种开沟器回土能力差,导致播种深度难以控制,结合滑推工作原理,设计出一种新型滑推式开沟器。该开沟器具有上宽下窄的结构,易将扰动土推回沟内,具有良好的回土性能,进而容易控制种子的深度。为探究滑推式开沟器的工作性能,在下宽度和滑推高度固定时,以前进阻力、回土量作为试验指标,以滑推角、开沟器上宽度为试验因素,在室内土槽中进行了单因素试验和中心复合表面组合试验（central composite face-centered design,CCF）,对试验数据进行分析检验,得到可信的回归数学模型,分析因素及其交互作用对滑推式开沟器工作性能的影响规律,利用遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ对回归数学模...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 32; no. 19; pp. 26 - 34
Main Author 赵淑红 刘宏俊 张先民 杨悦乾 吕彬 谭贺文
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨,150030 2016
Subjects
优化
农业机械
回土量
开沟器
设计
试验
遗传算法
agricultural machinery
试验
experiments
genetic algorithms
遗传算法
设计
opener
optimization
优化
design
开沟器
back soil quantity
农业机械
回土量
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ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.19.004

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Summary:针对播种深施肥时,播种开沟器回土能力差,导致播种深度难以控制,结合滑推工作原理,设计出一种新型滑推式开沟器。该开沟器具有上宽下窄的结构,易将扰动土推回沟内,具有良好的回土性能,进而容易控制种子的深度。为探究滑推式开沟器的工作性能,在下宽度和滑推高度固定时,以前进阻力、回土量作为试验指标,以滑推角、开沟器上宽度为试验因素,在室内土槽中进行了单因素试验和中心复合表面组合试验（central composite face-centered design,CCF）,对试验数据进行分析检验,得到可信的回归数学模型,分析因素及其交互作用对滑推式开沟器工作性能的影响规律,利用遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ对回归数学模型进行多目标优化,获得最优的结构参数组合,并进行试验验证。试验结果表明,滑推角对回土量和前进阻力的影响程度均大于上宽度;滑推式开沟器最优的结构参数组合：下宽度为30 mm、上下宽度高度差为150 mm、上宽度为54 mm和滑推角为48°,该条件下的回土量为8.67 g/cm,前进阻力为925.56 N;对最优结构参数组合进行试验验证,得到平均回土量为7.6 g/cm、平均工作阻力为935.78 N,与优化结果比,其相对误差分别为14.8%、1.1%,表明优化结果可信。该研究为开沟器的设计和应用提供新的思路和借鉴。
Bibliography:When a large number of fertilizers were applied, deep fertilization was performed to avoid damaging seeds and causing environmental pollution in China. But when deep fertilization was used, it was difficult to control sowing depth which would influence the sowing quality and reduce the crop yield, so the sliding push opener was designed. The sliding push opener consisted of 2 parts： the shovel handle and the sliding pusher. The sliding pusher mainly relied on its surface to work. The surface of the sliding pusher consisted of a curve, a top side and a bottom side. The top side was wider than the bottom side and the vertical height between them was set to be 150 mm. The sliding push opener was an obtuse opener. Shovel handle was a 30 mm ＆#215; 50 mm steel tube through which seeds could be delivered. As the sliding push opener’s top side was wider than the bottom one, it was easy to push disturbed soil back into the furrow and control the sowing depth. In order to get the optimal structural parameters of the sl
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.19.004