Palmitic acid in the sn-2 position decreases glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion in healthy adults

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 68; no. 5; pp. 549 - 554
• Main Authors: Filippou, A, Berry, S E, Baumgartner, S, Mensink, R P, Sanders, T A B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.05.2014; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/443/319/2723; 631/45/287/1183; 692/700/2814; Acids; Adolescent; Adult; Animal fat; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - metabolism; C-Peptide - blood; Carbohydrates; Clinical Nutrition; Confidence intervals; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Double-Blind Method; Epidemiology; Fatty acids; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - secretion; Genetic aspects; GIP protein; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Internal Medicine; Male; Meals; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Men; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Oleic Acid - administration & dosage; Olein; original-article; Palm oil; Palmitic acid; Palmitic Acid - administration & dosage; Palmitic Acid - adverse effects; Palmitic Acid - chemistry; Peptide YY - blood; Peptides; Physiological aspects; Plant Oils - administration & dosage; Polypeptides; Postprandial Period - physiology; Public Health; Side effects; Sunflower Oil; Sunflowers; Tags; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - administration & dosage; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Women; Young Adult; United Kingdom; Human; Gastrointestinal hormone; Position; Secretion; Adult; Metabolic diseases; Palmitic acid; Gastric inhibitory peptide
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.49

Background/objectives: Dietary triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing palmitic acid in the sn -2 position might impair insulin release and increase plasma glucose. We tested this hypothesis by comparing postprandial responses to fats with varying proportions of palmitic acid in the sn -2 position. Subjects/methods: Using a crossover-designed randomized controlled trial in healthy men ( n =25) and women ( n =25), we compared four meals on postprandial changes in glucose (primary outcome), insulin, C-peptide, glucose, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and polypeptide YY (PYY) concentrations. The meals provided 14 g protein, 85 g carbohydrate and 50 g test fat, supplied as high oleic sunflower (HOS) oil (control), palm olein (PO), interesterified palm olein (IPO) and lard containing 0.6, 9.2, 39.1 and 70.5 mol% palmitic acid at sn -2, respectively. Results: No differences in plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide response between meals were found. GIP release was lower ( P <0.001) for IPO and lard compared with HOS and PO meals; the maximal increments (geometric mean and 95% confidence interval) for HOS, PO, IPO and lard were 515 (468, 569), 492 (448, 540), 398 (350, 452) and 395 (364, 429) ng/l, respectively. There was a trend for the postprandial increase in PYY to be lower in women on the IPO and lard meals than those on the HOS and PO meals. Conclusions: Dietary TAGs with an increased proportion of palmitic acid in the sn- 2 position do not have acute adverse effects on the insulin and glucose response to meals in healthy men and women, but they decrease GIP release.