The effect of a rotator cuff tear and its size on three-dimensional shoulder motion

• Published in: Clinical biomechanics (Bristol) Vol. 45; no. NA; pp. 43 - 51
• Main Authors: Kolk, Arjen, Henseler, Jan Ferdinand, de Witte, Pieter Bas, van Zwet, Erik W., van der Zwaal, Peer, Visser, Cornelis P.J., Nagels, Jochem, Nelissen, Rob G.H.H., de Groot, Jurriaan H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2017
• Subjects: Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Humerus - physiopathology; Kinematics; Kinesiology; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Pain; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Range of Motion, Articular; Rotation; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries - physiopathology; Rupture; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint - physiopathology; Tears; Movement; Pain; Shoulder; Kinematics; Rotator cuff; Tears; Kinesiology
• ISSN: 0268-0033; 1879-1271; 1879-1271
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.03.014

Rotator cuff-disease is associated with changes in kinematics, but the effect of a rotator cuff-tear and its size on shoulder kinematics is still unknown in-vivo. In this cross-sectional study, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics of the affected shoulder were evaluated using electromagnetic motion analysis in 109 patients with 1) subacromial pain syndrome (n=34), 2) an isolated supraspinatus tear (n=21), and 3) a massive rotator cuff tear involving the supraspinatus and infraspinatus (n=54). Mixed models were applied for the comparisons of shoulder kinematics between the three groups during abduction and forward flexion. In the massive rotator cuff-tear group, we found reduced glenohumeral elevation compared to the subacromial pain syndrome (16°, 95% CI [10.5, 21.2], p<0.001) and the isolated supraspinatus tear group (10°, 95% CI [4.0, 16.7], p=0.002) at 110° abduction. Reduced glenohumeral elevation in massive rotator cuff tears coincides with an increase in scapulothoracic lateral rotation compared to subacromial pain syndrome (11°, 95% CI [6.5, 15.2], p<0.001) and supraspinatus tears (7°, 95% CI [1.8, 12.1], p=0.012). Comparable differences were observed for forward flexion. No differences in glenohumeral elevation were found between the subacromial pain syndrome and isolated supraspinatus tear group during arm elevation. The massive posterosuperior rotator cuff-tear group had substantially less glenohumeral elevation and more scapulothoracic lateral rotation compared to the other groups. These observations suggest that the infraspinatus is essential to preserve glenohumeral elevation in the presence of a supraspinatus tear. Shoulder kinematics are associated with rotator cuff-tear size and may have diagnostic potential. •Shoulder kinematics are associated with the size of a rotator cuff tear.•A massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear is associated with reduced glenohumeral elevation.•Loss of glenohumeral elevation at equal arm position reflects redistribution of muscle moments.