Significant variability in response to inhaled corticosteroids for persistent asthma

• Published in: Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol. 109; no. 3; pp. 410 - 418
• Main Authors: Szefler, Stanley J., Martin, Richard J., King, Tonya Sharp, Boushey, Homer A., Cherniack, Reuben M., Chinchilli, Vernon M., Craig, Timothy J., Dolovich, Myrna, Drazen, Jeffrey M., Fagan, Joanne K., Fahy, John V., Fish, James E., Ford, Jean G., Israel, Elliot, Kiley, James, Kraft, Monica, Lazarus, Stephen C., Lemanske, Robert F., Mauger, Elizabeth, Peters, Stephen P., Sorkness, Christine A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Mosby, Inc 01.03.2002; Elsevier; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Androstadienes - administration & dosage; Androstadienes - adverse effects; Androstadienes - therapeutic use; Anti-Asthmatic Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Asthmatic Agents - adverse effects; Anti-Asthmatic Agents - therapeutic use; Asthma; Asthma - drug therapy; Beclomethasone - administration & dosage; Beclomethasone - adverse effects; Beclomethasone - therapeutic use; beclomethasone dipropionate; Biological and medical sciences; Chronic Disease; Colleges & universities; Drug dosages; Feasibility studies; Female; Fluticasone; fluticasone propionate; Forced Expiratory Volume; Heart rate; Histamine and antagonists. Allergy; Humans; Hydrocortisone - blood; Male; Medical sciences; Methacholine Chloride - pharmacology; Middle Aged; Nitric oxide; Particle size; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Plasma; Prospective Studies; Sample variance; Treatment Outcome; Human; Immunopathology; Allergy; Corticosteroid; Spirometry; Biochemical analysis; Respiratory disease; Steroid hormone; Risk analysis; Antiasthma agent; Hydrocortisone; Glucocorticoid; Asthma; Inhalation; Dose activity relation; Chemotherapy; Treatment; Adrenal hormone; Profit; Obstructive pulmonary disease; Effective dose; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0091-6749; 1097-6825
• DOI: 10.1067/mai.2002.122635

Background: A clinical model is needed to compare inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) with respect to efficacy. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the relative beneficial and systemic effects in a dose-response relationship for 2 ICSs. Methods: A 24-week, parallel, open-label, multicenter trial examined the benefit-risk ratio of 2 ICSs in persistent asthma. Benefit was assessed by improvements in FEV 1 and PC 20; risk was assessed by overnight plasma cortisol suppression. Thirty subjects were randomized to either beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 168, 672, and 1344 μg/day (n = 15) or fluticasone propionate (FP) 88, 352, and 704 μg/day (n = 15), both administered by means of a metered dose inhaler (MDI) with chlorofluorocarbon propellant via a spacer, in 3 consecutive 6-week intervals; this was followed by 3 weeks of FP dry powder inhaler (DPI) 2000 μg/day. Results: Maximum FEV 1 response occurred with the low dose for FP-MDI and the medium dose for BDP-MDI and was not further increased by treatment with FP-DPI. Near-maximum methacholine PC 20 improvement occurred with the low dose for FP-MDI and the medium dose for BDP-MDI. Both BDP-MDI and FP-MDI caused dose-dependent cortisol suppression. Responsiveness to ICS treatment was found to vary markedly among subjects. Good (>15%) FEV 1 response, in contrast to poor (<5%) response, was found to be associated with high exhaled nitric oxide (median, 17.6 vs 11.1 ppb), high bronchodilator reversibility (25.2% vs 8.8%), and a low FEV 1/forced vital capacity ratio (0.63 vs 0.73) before treatment. Excellent (>3 doubling dilutions) improvement in PC 20, in contrast to poor (<1 doubling dilution) improvement, was found to be associated with high sputum eosinophil levels (3.4% vs 0.1%) and older age at onset of asthma (age, 20-29 years vs <10 years). Conclusions: Near-maximal FEV 1 and PC 20 effects occurred with low-medium dose for both ICSs in the subjects studied. High-dose ICS therapy did not significantly increase the efficacy measures that were evaluated, but it did increase the systemic effect measure, overnight cortisol secretion. Significant intersubject variability in response occurred with both ICSs. It is possible that higher doses of ICSs are necessary to manage more severe patients or to achieve goals of therapy not evaluated in this study, such as prevention of asthma exacerbations. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:410-8.)