Noncoding RNAs in Vascular Cell Biology and Restenosis

• Published in: Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 24
• Main Authors: Efovi, Denis, Xiao, Qingzhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22.12.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Angina pectoris; Angioplasty; Atherosclerosis; biomarkers; Blood coagulation; Cardiovascular diseases; Cell cycle; circRNAs; Circular RNA; Cyclin-dependent kinases; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Endothelial cells; Endothelium; Epigenetics; Gene expression; Genomes; Genotype & phenotype; Growth factors; Heart attacks; Implants; Inflammation; Kinases; Localization; long noncoding RNAs; Macrophages; microRNA; MicroRNAs; miRNA; Molecular modelling; Non-coding RNA; noncoding RNAs; Pathophysiology; Patients; Peptides; Proteins; Restenosis; Review; RNA polymerase; Smooth muscle; smooth muscle cells; Therapeutic applications; Therapeutic targets; therapeutics; vascular cells; Veins & arteries; microRNAs; smooth muscle cells; vascular cells; cardiovascular disease; circRNAs; endothelial cells; restenosis; long noncoding RNAs; in-stent restenosis; noncoding RNAs; neointimal hyperplasia
• ISSN: 2079-7737; 2079-7737
• DOI: 10.3390/biology12010024

In-stent restenosis (ISR), characterised by ≥50% re-narrowing of the target vessel, is a common complication following stent implantation and remains a significant challenge to the long-term success of angioplasty procedures. Considering the global burden of cardiovascular diseases, improving angioplasty patient outcomes remains a key priority. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) have been extensively implicated in vascular cell biology and ISR through multiple, both distinct and overlapping, mechanisms. Vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages constitute the main cell types involved in the multifactorial pathophysiology of ISR. The identification of critical regulators exemplified by ncRNAs in all these cell types and processes makes them an exciting therapeutic target in the field of restenosis. In this review, we will comprehensively explore the potential functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs in vascular cell biology in the context of restenosis, with an in-depth focus on vascular cell dysfunction during restenosis development and progression. We will also discuss the diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target potential of ncRNAs in ISR. Finally, we will discuss the current shortcomings, challenges, and perspectives toward the clinical application of ncRNAs.