丹江鹦鹉沟小流域土壤侵蚀和养分损失定量分析

小流域土壤侵蚀量和养分损失量的定量研究可为南水北调水源区的生态保护、水土保持和生态补偿提供重要的依据.该文在地理信息技术（geographic information system,GIS）的支持下,应用修正通用土壤流失方程（revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE）估算了丹江鹦鹉沟流域的土壤侵蚀量和养分损失量,并进行了土壤侵蚀强度分级.结果表明,流域的年均土壤侵蚀模数为3140 t/km2,侵蚀强度为中度.其中强度侵蚀以上的土地面积占流域总面积的24.1%,侵蚀量为4573.0 t,却占年侵蚀总量的84.8%,其主要是坡度较大的坡耕地,是流域需要重...

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Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 29; no. 10; pp. 160 - 167
Main Author 徐国策 李占斌 李鹏 张铁钢 汤姗姗
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌 712100%西安理工大学 西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安 710048 2013
Subjects
丹江
侵蚀
修正通用土壤流失方程
土地利用
土壤
土壤养分
水土保持
侵蚀
土壤养分
RUSLE
Dan River watershed
修正通用土壤流失方程
土壤
水土保持
丹江
land use
soil and water conservation
soil nutrient
erosion
土地利用
soils
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ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.10.022

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Summary:小流域土壤侵蚀量和养分损失量的定量研究可为南水北调水源区的生态保护、水土保持和生态补偿提供重要的依据.该文在地理信息技术（geographic information system,GIS）的支持下,应用修正通用土壤流失方程（revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE）估算了丹江鹦鹉沟流域的土壤侵蚀量和养分损失量,并进行了土壤侵蚀强度分级.结果表明,流域的年均土壤侵蚀模数为3140 t/km2,侵蚀强度为中度.其中强度侵蚀以上的土地面积占流域总面积的24.1%,侵蚀量为4573.0 t,却占年侵蚀总量的84.8%,其主要是坡度较大的坡耕地,是流域需要重点治理的区域.不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀量差异较大,林地、草地和农地的年均土壤侵蚀模数分别为509.7、1511.8和4606.5 t/km2.林草地年侵蚀量较小,农地土壤侵蚀量占流域总侵蚀量的95.3%.坡度每增加5°,不同土地利用的土壤侵蚀模数增加量比坡长每增加5 m的增加量要大1~2倍.研究区表土流失造成的全氮、全磷和有机质损失量分别为3.81、3.52和101.45 t,其中农地的养分损失量最为严重.流域泥沙中全氮、全磷和有机质的年均流失模数分别为1.01、0.75和38.43 t/（km2×a）.该研究可为水源区水土流失和非点源污染治理以及清洁小流域建设提供科学依据.
Bibliography:11-2047/S
The quantitative study of soil erosion and nutrient loss in a small watershed can provide an important basis for ecological protection, soil, and water conservation, and ecological compensation in the water source areas of the South to North Water Diversion Project. Revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） was used to estimate the soil erosion and nutrient loss supported by the geographic information system （GIS） in the Yingwugou watershed; however, the soil erosion intensity of the study area was classified. The results indicated that the annual soil erosion modulus in the Yingwugou watershed was 3140 t/km2 . This falls in the category of moderate degree erosion. The area above high soil erosion intensity only accounted for 24.1% but the soil erosion amount was 4573.0 t, which accounted for 84.8% of the annual soil erosion amount. The high soil erosion area was mainly distributed in sloping cropland with big slopes, which was the key management area. Soil erosion amounts under different land-use
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.10.022